Four powerful muscle groups move the hip. Picture these groups as you examine patients, and remember that to move the femur or any bone in a given direction, the muscle must cross the joint line.
The flexor group lies anteriorly and flexes the thigh (Fig. 1). The primary hip flexor is the iliopsoas, extending from above the iliac crest to the lesser trochanter. The extensor group lies posteriorly and extends the thigh (Fig. 2). The gluteus maximus is the primary extensor of the hip. It forms a band crossing from its origin along the medial pelvis to its insertion below the trochanter.
FIGURE 1. Flexor group.
FIGURE 2. Extensor group.
The adductor group is medial and swings the thigh toward the body (Fig. 3). The muscles in this group arise from the rami of the pubis and ischium and insert on the posteromedial aspect of the femur. The abductor group is lateral, extending from the iliac crest to the greater trochanter, and moves the thigh away from the body (Fig. 4). This group includes the gluteus medius and minimus. These muscles help stabilize the pelvis during the stance phase of gait.
FIGURE 3. Adductor group.
FIGURE 4. Abductor group.
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