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滥用虚拟语气的翻译错误
2024-07-29 09:38:33    etogether.net    网络    


虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。中国学生在写作或翻译的时候,有滥用虚拟语气的倾向。比如:


1) The Chinese economy could benefit greatly from the car market. Thus restricting purchase of cars would limit our economic growth.

2) Students would have studied for two years in a T program in China before they can apply for our AE.

3) I don't think they would want to change for a different degree if they decide to come to Monterey for one more year.


以上例子中的 could/would 都属于错误的用法。要用虚拟语气,必须有一个表示条件的从句,如:If only she were here, then she would speak up. 否则就用陈述语气。当问及学生为何这样用时,他们表示这样做是为了表达一种“弱的假定”,也有说是为了表示一种“委婉的语气”。无论原因如何,这样的用法都是错误的。本篇翻译中也有类似的情况。例如:

原文:

自然,在热带的地方,日光是永远那么毒,响亮的天气,反有点叫人害怕。

原译:

...where bright sunny weather would sound a bit alarming to people like me

改译:

I well know that in the tropics, the blazing sun and the perpetual harsh glare can be intimidating.


原文:

就是这点幻想不能一时实现,他们也并不着急。

原译:

Even if the little fancy fails for the moment, it would not quite bother them.

改译:

And even if this is just wishful thinking, they don't really mind, because with this kindly winter why ask for more?

说明:

在本例中,我相信原译用would 是为了表示虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示一种不切实际的假定。“假如这点幻想不能实现”是一个一般的条件,后面无需用虚拟语气。

原文:

设若单单是有阳光,那也算不了出奇。

原译:

Sunlight alone might not sufficiently make a wonder.

改译:

But there is more than just sunshine.

说明:

我相信原译者用might 也是为了表示虚拟语气,因为原文出现了“设若”。如果要用 might 就需要一个表示条件的if。例如:Sunshine alone might not be enough IF it were not also for the heat.没有if条件句,这个句子读起来是不完整的。


原文:

请闭上眼睛想:一个老城,有山有水,全在天底下晒着阳光,暖和安适地睡着,只等春风来把它们唤醒。

原译:

Close your eyes and just picture: an old town in the midst of hills and waters is sleeping cozily in the sunshine and would not wake up until the call of a spring breeze.

改译:

Close your eyes and picture to yourself: an ancient town, with hills and lakes, dozing in the sunlight, warm and comfortable, waiting for the spring breezes to blow it awake.

说明:

这里原译者也许不是想用虚拟语气,而是想用 would的另一种用法,即表达过去的习惯。但既然是把过去的事情当作现在来描述(“历史现在时”),便没有必要用 would; will 即可。


原文:

就凭这些绿的精神,水也不忍得冻上。

原译:

The striving-for-greener vitality alone could have touched the soul of the waters to stop freezing.

改译:

That alone must prevent the water from freezing over.

说明:

Could have done sth. 意思是“本能够做某事”,改译为must prevent用以传递“就凭.....也不......”的意思,有些诙谐幽默。如用 will prevent,则显得直白无味。


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