英语中有一些定语从句,由于表达方式与汉语差别较大,而且和主句的关系比较特殊。因而有时要将其转换成名词性从句才能完善地表达出来。
(一)转换成同位语从句
有些定语从句和先行词的关系根本不是修饰和限定关系,而是进一步阐述或补充说明先行词的具体内容,在逻辑上和先行词处于同等的地位。这种定语从句往往可以作为先行词的同位语从句译出。试看以下各例。
1. The speed of sound in air at ordinary temperatures is about 1,100 feet per second, which is about one mile in five second or about 700 miles per hour.
在常温下,声音在空气中的速度约为每秒1,100英尺,即每5秒钟约1英里或每小时约700英里。
2. Continuous cropping is a method of farming in which fields are not given a fallow period between crops.
连作是一种耕作法,即在两次收获之间不使土地有休闲期。
3. In 1905, which was many years before other scientists really understood a great deal about atomic energy, Einstein declared this theory.
1905年,即在其它科学家真正对原子能有所了解之前许多年,爱因斯坦就宣布了这一理论。
(二)转换成主语从句
有一些定语从句,尤其是由why引导的定语从句,虽然在形式上是从句,但实际上却表达主要的内容。为了突出其作用并便于汉语表达,常可将其转换成主语从句的形式译出。试看以下各例。
4. That is the reason why the work put out is always less than that put in.
输出功之所以总小于输入功,原因就在于此。
5. There appear to be at least three reasons why colloidal particles do not settle out.
为什么胶体分子不会沉淀,看来至少有三个原因。
责任编辑:admin