所谓定语从句逆序译成定语,就焙逆着原文顺序,把定语从句译成先行词的前置定语,即译成汉语的由动宾结构、主谓结构、偏正结构等加结构助词“的”形式的定语,从而和主句合译成一个句子。这种译法既适用于限制性定语从句,又适用于非限制性定语从句,尤其适于前者。
(一)限制性定语从句
大部分限制性定语从句起着限制先行词的作用,无论从结构上讲还是从意义上讲都是全句所必不可少的。因此翻译时大多应把从句溶合在主句中,译作先行词的前置定语。这样译时,一般要把关系代(副)词减去不译。试看以下各例。
1) All the plants and animals which we know of have to breathe, and so can live only on planets which have suitable atmosphere.
我们所知的一切动植物都必须呼吸,因而只能生存在有适宜大气层的星球上。
2) The reason why things don't fall off the earth is rather simple.
物体不掉离地球的原因是相当简单的。
3) Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.
语言是人们赖以交流思想的工具。
4) Surface subsidence was most serious in certain areas where large quantities ofunderground water were pumped out.
在大量抽取地下水的某些地区,地面下沉非常严重。
5) People who can not distinguish between colours are said to be colour—blinded.
分不清颜色的人称为色盲。