如果实在难以直译,可以用音译再加注。过去有许多从汉语音译成的英语词已被收入国外的词典,成了对应词。久而久之,如被外国词典所收入,就可成为对应词。过去有不少例子,例如:
荔枝 litchi
人参 ginseng
龙眼 longan
舢板sampan
气功qigong
楠木nanmu
这些词现在一般都不必加注了。
如外国人的词汇中也有类似的,那就不一定用音译。例如:
针灸 acupuncture and moxibustion
青瓷 celadon
丹黄 lead monoxide (litharge)
三仙丹 mercuric oxide
刚玉 aluminium oxide (corundum)
雄黄 arsenic disulphide (realgar)
汉语科技词的组成部分中如果有一部分有对应的英语词,可采用半音译的混合方式。例如:
云贵高原 Yun-Gui plateau
克山病 Keshan disease
定窑瓷器 Ding ware
陈氏定理 Chen's theorem
殷墟 Yin Dynasty ruins
唐三彩 Tang Dynasty tricoloured pottery
但包含中国古典理论名称的词汇,半音译外,一般还需要加注。部分中成药也可这样处理。例如:
阴阳学说 Yin-Yang idea (Yin and Yang, in Chinese medicine, are the two forces which both oppose and complement each other, with the former indicating feminine and negative and the latter masculine and positive.)
经络理论 Jing and Luo theory(Jing and Luo, in Chinese medicine, are main collateral channels regarded as a network of passages, through which vital energy circulates and along which the acupuncture points are distributed.)
定坤丹 Dingkun pills—a famous Chinese traditional medicine for women
责任编辑:admin