科技翻译避免违反一致性原则
2017-04-12 09:53:34 etogether.net 网络 次
但下面两个英译句子中的主、从复合句时态不一致则是合理的。
(a) Last week we paid a visit to the National Museum of Nature, in which a lot of rare animal specimens are kept. [昨天我们参观了国家自然博物馆，那里有许多珍稀动物标本。]
(b) This is the largest huilding in this city, which was designed by a famous architect who once was a student of the Architecture Department of Tsinghua University. [这是该市最大的建筑，它是一著名建筑师设计的。这位建筑师曾是清华大学建筑系的学生。]
(三）主句与状语从句时态不一致
主句对状语从句时态一致性的要求与对定语从句的要求相类似，亦视具体情况而定。例如下句中主从时态不一致是错误的。
例如： He had to discontinue his undergraduate studies because his physical condition becomes worse and worse. [他由于健康状况不断恶化而不得不辍学。]
改译：He had to discontinue his undergraduate studies because his physical condition became worse and worse.
但下面的主从时态不一致是正确的。
(a) Since centrosome is chemically complex cellular structure and the autoimmune antiserum is polyclonal, further investigation was made by using one of the antisera against centrasome. [因为中心体是化学构分复杂的细胞结构，而自抗血清又是多克隆的，故实验只用其中一个抗中心体血清作了进一步研究。]
(b) I lived where there are mountains and rivers.[我过去生活的地方山水毗连。]
上述(a)和(b)中虽然主句是叙述过去发生的事情，但从句所叙述的则是客观事实。
四、时态与时间不相呼应
英语动词的时态是英语语法的一个基本范畴。它与动作所发生的时间密切相关，相互呼应，否则就会造成语法错误。
例如： Agricultural production and laborproductivity rose significantly since 1979 owing to the economical reforms in rural China. [自1979年以来，由于中国农村实施经济改革，农业生产和劳动生产率大大提高。]
原译中的rose采用一般过去时是错误的，因为介词短语since 1979要求现在完成时态。
改译：Agricultural production and laborproductivity has increased significantly since 1979 owing to the economical reforms in rural China.
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