语用论意义观始于后期的维根斯坦。前期的维根斯坦语言哲学研究是沿着弗雷格一罗素的人工语言学即形式化语言学发展轨迹进行的；后期维氏转向日常语言学，提出词的意义存在于其应用中，被概称为“意义即应用”。在提出词的意义即词的应用的基础上，维氏提出语句的意义是思维投影(project)到语言中的“图画的实在”，探求语言的过程就是跟踪投影的过程（1953）。只有事实能表达意义（1958）。可见维根斯坦是语用论语义观的先驱，提出了“语言游戏”(language game)论。下面一段文字是他晚年对“意义寓于应用之中”的解释：
In saying "When I heard this word, it meant... to me" one refers to a point of time and to a way of using the word. (Of course, it is this combination that we fail to grasp.) And the expression "I was then going to say.….” refers to a point of time and to an action.
I speak of the essential references of the utterance in order to distinguish them from other peculiarities of the expression we use. The references that are essential to an utterance are the ones which would make us translate some otherwise alien form of expression into this, our customary form.
......
The words "the rose is red" are meaningless if the word "is" has the meaning "is identical with." Does this mean: if you say this sentence and mean the "is" as the sign of identity, the sense disintegrates?
We take a sentence and tell someone the meaning of each of its words; this tells him how to apply them and so how to apply the sentence too. If we had chosen a senseless sequence of words instead of the sentence, he would not learn how to apply the sequence. And if we explain the word "is" as the sign of identity, then he does not learn how to use the sentence “the rose is red."
由于维氏以德文写作，论述方式与风格也很个性化，特别是他善于旁敲侧击，画龙点睛，常引起误解。英国哲学家摩尔曾经作过一次演讲为维氏作辩。下面一段摩尔的解释有助于我们理解维氏所谓sense（意义）与use（语用、应用）的关系。维氏将语言交流称为“language game”，摩尔亦借维氏之言“in this particular game”(意指“在这一特定的语言交际形式与应用场合”）说意义归根到底取决于“use”：
[Wittgenstein] then implied that where we say "This makes no sense”we always mean“This makes nonsense in this particular game"; and in answer to the question "Why do we call it nonsense?" what does it mean to call it so? Said that when we call a sentence“nonsense", it is “because of some similarity to sentenccs which have sense," and that "nonsense always arises from forming symbols analogous to certain uses, where they have no use."
维根斯坦对“use”的关注(use决定sense)，引起后来很多语言哲学家的注意。研究成绩突出的语言哲学家都属于日常语言学派，其中之一是赖尔（G. Ryle, 1900-1976 ) ，另一位是奥斯丁(J. L. Austin, 1911-1960)。
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