推进国防动员现代化建设。理顺国防动员组织领导体制，加强后备力量建设，精简全国基干民兵规模，深化民兵预备役部队规模结构、力量编成改革，推进预备役部队与现役部队一体建设和运用，加快实现由保障陆军为主向保障多军兵种转变。
结合深化党和国家机构改革，组建退役军人事务部，推进省、市、县、乡镇（街道）、村（社区）退役军人服务保障体系建设，出台一系列优待优抚措施。扎实做好拥军优属、拥政爱民工作，积极参与脱贫攻坚，军政军民团结不断巩固，尊重军人、优待军人的社会氛围正在形成。
Modernizing national defense mobilization. China has refined the system of national defense mobilization to enhance the development of its defense reserves. China is streamlining the number of primary militia nationwide, driving deeper reform of militia and reserve forces in their size, structure and composition, promoting integrated development and employment of the reserve and active forces, and extending the function of national defense mobilization from mainly supporting the land force to supporting all branches at a faster pace.
In the process of deepening the reform of the CPC and governmental institutions, the Ministry of Veterans Affairs of the PRC has been set up. Through a series of preferential measures, the veteran support system is progressing at provincial, prefectural, county, town and township (sub-district), and village (community) levels. Substantial steps have been taken to enhance the government’s efforts to support the military and their families, and to strengthen the military’s support to the government and the people. China’s armed forces play an active role in poverty alleviation. The relationships between the military and the government and between the military and the people are getting even closer. There is a growing consensus across communities to respect and give preferential treatment to all service members.
五、合理适度的国防开支
中国坚持发展和安全兼顾、富国和强军统一，坚持国防建设与经济建设协调发展，坚持勤俭建军方针，依据国家经济发展水平和国防需求，合理确定国防费规模结构，依法管理和使用国防费。
改革开放以来，中国国防开支经历了从维持性投入到适度增长的发展历程，总体保持与国家经济和财政支出同步适度协调增长。国防费占国内生产总值（GDP）比重从1979年最高的5.43%下降到2017年的1.26%，近30年一直保持在2%以内。1979年国防费占国家财政支出比重为17.37%，2017年为5.14%，下降超过12个百分点，总体下降趋势明显。
V. Reasonable and Appropriate Defense Expenditure
China attends to both development and security. It is making an integrated effort to build a prosperous country and a strong military, and striving for the coordinated development of national defense and the economy. Following the principle of building the armed forces through diligence and thrift, China takes into consideration the development of the economy and the demands of national defense, decides on the appropriate scale and composition of defense expenditure, and manages and applies these funds in accordance with law.
Since reform and opening-up, China has increased its defense expenditure from a level of sustainability to moderate growth. On the whole, defense expenditure has grown in tandem with the growth of the national economy and government expenditure. Defense expenditure as a percentage of GDP has fallen from a peak of 5.43% in 1979 to 1.26% in 2017. It has remained below 2% for the past three decades. Defense expenditure as a percentage of government expenditure was 17.37% in 1979 and 5.14% in 2017, a drop of more than 12 percentage points. The figures are on a clear downward trend.
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