保障平等就业
近年来，中国政府加强统一规范的人力资源市场的建设与管理，努力打破历史原因造成的城乡分割、身份分割和地区分割等问题，消除人力资源市场的体制性障碍，形成城乡劳动者平等就业的制度。国家有关部门通过完善市场监管体系，开展人力资源市场执法检查活动，清理整顿市场不法行为，有力维护了求职者等市场主体的合法权益。
国家高度重视并保障妇女享有与男子平等的劳动权利，努力消除阻碍妇女平等就业的壁垒。动员和组织社会力量拓宽吸纳女性劳动力就业的渠道，制定和执行扶持妇女自主创业的政策。充分发挥各级妇联组织在反映妇女诉求、促进平等就业和同工同酬、提供维权服务等方面的积极作用。到2008年，全国就业人口中女性超过45.4%。
Guaranteeing equal employment
In recent years, the Chinese government has endeavored to streng-then the building and management of a unified and standard market of human resources, overcome the divide between urban and rural areas, between people of different identities and between different regions — which is caused by historical factors, eliminate institutional obstacles to the development of the human resources market, and establish an equal employment system for urban and rural workers. By improving market supervision, carrying out examination of law enforcement in the human resources market, and cleaning up and rectifying illegal acts in the market, the relevant departments of the Chinese govern-ment has effectively protected the lawful rights and interests of all market elements, including job seekers.
The state makes every effort to ensure that women have equal rights to employment with men, and endeavors to remove barriers to women’s equal employment. The country mobilizes various non-governmental sectors to expand the employment channels for women, and formulates and implements policies supporting women’s self-employment. The positive role of women’s federations at all levels is brought into full play in making known to authorities women’s demands, in promoting equal employment and equal pay for equal work, and in providing rights protection services. By 2008 women workers accounted for more than 45.4% of the working population nationwide.
中国政府加强对残疾人就业的统筹规划，实行集中就业与分散就业相结合的方针，保障残疾人的劳动权利。制定和实施促进残疾人就业政策，规定用人单位安排残疾人就业的比例不得低于1.5% ，对安置残疾人员达到职工总数25%比例的集中使用残疾人的用人单位给予税收优惠，指导和帮助残疾人组织兴办残疾人福利企业，鼓励和支持残疾人通过多种形式灵活就业。中国各级残疾人联合会努力维护残疾人合法权益，帮助残疾人平等参与社会生活。建立省、市、县级残疾人就业服务机构3043个，专门为残疾人提供就业援助服务。截至2009年底，全国城镇实际在业残疾人数443.4万，农村残疾人有1757万实现了稳定就业。
国家高度重视保障农民工权益。农民工是中国改革开放和工业化、城镇化进程中出现的特殊劳动群体，为国家经济和社会发展作出了重要贡献。2006年，国务院建立农民工工作联席会议制度，统筹协调和指导全国农民工工作。取消各种针对农民进城就业的不合理限制，加强劳动安全卫生培训，扩大农民工参加社会保险覆盖面，建立养老保险接续转移制度，实施“春暖行动”、“春风行动”等专项扶持计划。截至2009年底，有8014.82万农民工成为工会会员，近80%的农民工随迁子女在城镇公办中小学免费接受义务教育，全国参加工伤保险、医疗保险、城镇企业职工基本养老保险、失业保险的农民工分别达到5587万人、4335万人、2647万人和1643万人。
The Chinese government is formulating an overall plan for the em-ployment of the disabled and has adopted the principle of combining centralized and decentralized employment, so as to guarantee the right to employment for the disabled. It formulates and implements policies favorable for the disabled people’s employment, stipulating that every employer must hire at least one and a half persons with disabilities out of every 100 employees working in the company. Any employer with one quarter of its employees being persons of disabilities will enjoy tax preference. The government also gives advice to and helps the disabled to establish welfare enterprises of persons of disabilities, and encour-ages and supports them to explore flexible ways of employment. The China Disabled Persons’ Federation at all levels protects the legitimate rights and interests of disabled persons and promotes their equal par-ticipation in social life. A total of 3,043 employment service agencies have been set up at the provincial, municipal and county levels to pro-vide special employment services for the disabled. By the end of 2009 the number of disabled employees in urban areas nationwide had reached 4.434 million, and 17.57 million disabled persons in the rural areas had found stable jobs.
The state pays great attention to the protection of rural migrant workers’ rights and interests. Rural migrant workers are a special group of workers that has emerged in the process of China’s reform and opening-up, industrialization and urbanization. They have made great contributions to the economic and social development of the country. In 2006 the State Council established the Joint Conference System to coordinate and guide the work on rural migrant workers across the country. China has eliminated many unreasonable restric-tions on rural migrant workers’ seeking jobs in cities, strengthened work safety and public health training, expanded social insurance to cover more migrant workers, established a retirement pension scheme, which ensures continuity of one’s retirement insurance wherever he or she lives, and carried out such supporting programs as “Spring Warmth Action” and “Spring Breeze Action.” By the end of 2009 a total of 80.1482 million rural migrant workers had become members of trade unions, almost 80% of the migrant workers’ children were receiving free compulsory education at public schools in urban areas, and the number of migrant workers covered by insurance for work-related injuries, medical insurance, basic retirement insurance for employees of enterprises in urban areas and unemployment insurance had reached 55.87 million, 43.35 million, 26.47 million and 16.43 million, respectively.
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