加强人力资源培训
国家把干部教育培训摆在突出位置，制定颁布了《干部教育培训工作条例（试行）》、《2006—2010年全国干部教育培训规划》和《关于2008—2012年大规模培训干部工作的实施意见》。围绕政府中心工作以及职位要求，对公务员进行初任培训、任职培训、专门业务培训和在职培训，实施对口培训计划，促进学历培训，实行挂职锻炼，有效开发公务员人力资源，促进公务员职业的发展。
国家对专业技术人员实施专业技术人才知识更新工程，有计划、有步骤地在经济社会发展和科技发展的重要领域，对中高层专业技术人才，开展新理论、新知识、新技术、新方法的专项培训，2005年至2009年，共培训300万名中高级专业人才。构建分层分类的专业技术人才继续教育体系，充分发挥各方面积极性，逐步形成以需求为导向，政府主导与单位自主相结合，个人履行义务与自觉自愿学习相结合的继续教育运行机制。2009年，全国专业技术人员参加继续教育达3000万人次。为加强西部地区人才开发，中国政府制定《关于进一步加强西部地区人才队伍建设的意见》，实施新疆、西藏少数民族科技骨干和青海三江源地区专业技术人才培养计划。2009年共培养2888名少数民族科技骨干人才和急需专业技术人才。
Strengthening human resources training
The Chinese government has put cadre education and training in a prominent place. The state has drawn up and issued the Regulations on the Work of Cadre Education and Training (Trial), National Plan for Cadre Education and Training (2006-2010) and Opinions on the Im-plementation of Cadre Training Work on a Large Scale (2008-2012). With focus on the requirements of major government work and civil service posts, the government has conducted initial training, post-related training, professional training and in-service training, carried out train-ing plans geared to the needs of the posts, promoted formal schooling training, and sent cadres to temporary posts in other places, thus effec-tively developing the human resources of the civil service and pro-moting career development for civil servants.
The Chinese government has carried out the Project on Upgrading the Knowledge of Technical Professionals. The state has, with specific and effective plans and step by step, conducted special training pro-grams on new theories, knowledge, technologies and methods for mid-dle- and high-level professionals in the fields important for economic, social, scientific and technological development. From 2005 to 2009, altogether three million middle- and high-level professionals partici-pated in such training programs. The government has worked hard to build a continuing education system for technical specialists, a system that sets clear levels and categories, and that brings into full play the initiative of all aspects, gradually forming a demand-driven, continuing education mechanism characterized by the combination of the gov-ernment guidance and employers’ initiative, individuals’ fulfillment of their duties and studying on their own initiative. In 2009 professionals involved in continuing education around China reached 30 million person/times. To promote human resources development in Western China, the Chinese government issued the Opinions on Strengthening Human Resources Development in Western China and carried out a training plan for the backbone personnel in the scientific and techno-logical field in the Xinjiang Uygur and Tibet autonomous regions, and for professionals in the Sanjiangyuan area of Qinghai Province. In 2009 China trained 2,888 backbone scientific and technical personnel and much-needed professionals of ethnic-minority groups.
针对不同群体就业需要和劳动者职业生涯发展不同阶段需要，国家开展相应的职业培训，建立了以技工学校为骨干、职业培训机构为补充的职业培训体系，并充分发挥工会、共青团、妇联等人民团体和社会组织在职业培训等方面的作用。截至2009年底，全国共有技工学校和就业训练中心6000多所、民办职业培训机构2万多所；建立巾帼科技示范基地26万多个，为1.2亿人次妇女提供各类教育培训，增强了妇女的自我发展能力。针对城乡未能继续升学的初高中毕业生，实施劳动预备制培训，帮助其掌握一门职业技能或取得相应职业资格证书后再进入劳动力市场。针对失业人员开展再就业培训，加强培训的针对性、实用性和有效性，提高失业人员的再就业能力。针对有创业愿望并具备一定创业条件的城乡劳动者开展创业能力培训，提高其创办小企业的能力。针对拟向非农产业和城镇转移的农村富余劳动力开展职业技能培训，实施“阳光工程”、“农村劳动力转移培训计划”、“星火科技培训”、“雨露计划”等专项培训，提高其转移就业能力。
为全面提高劳动者素质，增强劳动者的就业能力和工作能力，1994年以来，国家建立职业资格证书制度。截至2009年底，全国累计有1843.3万人取得各类专业技术人员职业资格证书；累计有超过1亿人次取得不同等级技能人员职业资格证书。
To meet the demands of different groups in finding employment, and geared to different stages of careers, the government has con-ducted vocational training programs, set up a vocational training sys-tem with technical schools as the mainstay and vocational training institutions as the supplement, and given full play to the roles of trade unions, Communist Youth League, women’s federation, and other mass and social organizations. By the end of 2009 there were over 6,000 technical schools and employment training centers, over 20,000 pri-vately-run vocational training institutions, and over 260,000 demonstra-tion bases of science and technology for women, providing different education and training programs for women on 120 million occasions and enhancing women’s capability of self-development. For junior and senior high school graduates who have failed to gain higher education, the government offers pre-job training courses to help them master some vocational skill or obtain a professional certificate before job hunting. For unemployed people, the government offers re-employment training courses that are relevant, practical and effective, so as to better prepare unemployed people for re-employment. For urban and rural workers who want to start businesses of their own and who have the qualifications, the government offers entrepreneurship training courses to enhance their abilities to start small businesses. For surplus rural workers who want to transfer to non-agricultural fields and urban areas, the government offers vocational training and carries out such special programs as the Sunshine Project, Training Plan for the Transfer of Rural Labor Force, Spark Technical Training and Yulu Plan to enhance their abilities to find employment in new sectors.
Since 1994, in order to comprehensively improve the quality of workers and strengthen their capabilities in finding jobs and doing their work well, China has established a professional qualification cer-tificate system. By the end of 2009 a total of 18.433 million profes-sionals in various fields throughout the country had obtained the required qualifications, and over 100 million qualification certificates for workers of different skill levels were issued.
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