为确保公共权力的正确行使，中国制定了一系列法律法规制度，以加强对领导干部行使权力的制约和监督。2007年施行的《中华人民共和国各级人民代表大会常务委员会监督法》，以法律形式对各级人民代表大会常务委员会加强对同级人民政府、人民法院和人民检察院行政权、审判权、检察权的监督作出规定。还制定了《中华人民共和国行政监察法》、《中华人民共和国审计法》、《中华人民共和国行政复议法》、《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》等法律，建立了行政监察、审计监督、行政复议和行政诉讼制度，加强对行政机关及其工作人员的监督。中共中央制定《中国共产党党内监督条例(试行)》及《中国共产党巡视工作条例(试行)》、《关于对党员领导干部进行诫勉谈话和函询的暂行办法》、《关于党员领导干部述职述廉的暂行规定》等一系列规定，对党内监督的各项具体工作进行规范和完善。
为依法依纪惩治腐败，中国制定并不断完善包括刑事处罚、党纪处分和政纪处分在内的惩处违法违纪行为的实体性法律法规。在刑事处罚方面，通过制定和修订《中华人民共和国刑法》，规定了贪污罪、受贿罪、行贿罪、失职渎职罪、巨额财产来源不明罪等腐败犯罪的刑事责任，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院发布了相关司法解释，使之成为惩治腐败犯罪的重要法律依据。在党纪处分方面，中国共产党颁布《中国共产党纪律处分条例》及其配套规定，具体规定党员违反廉洁自律规定行为、贪污贿赂行为、违反财经纪律行为等违犯党纪行为及其量纪标准，明确警告、严重警告、撤销党内职务、留党察看和开除党籍5种党纪处分。在政纪处分方面，国家颁布《行政机关公务员处分条例》，具体规定政纪处分原则、权限以及各类违纪行为及其量纪标准，明确警告、记过、记大过、降级、撤职、开除6种政纪处分。
To ensure the proper exercise of public power, China has en-acted a series of laws and regulations to strengthen restraint and supervision over the exercise of power by leading cadres. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Supervision of Standing Committees of People’s Congresses at All Levels enacted in 2007 strengthened the supervisory role of those committees in the form of law over the administrative, judicial and procuratorial powers of the people’s governments, people’s courts and people’s procurator-ates at corresponding levels. Also enacted are the Law of the Peo-ple’s Republic of China on Administrative Supervision, Audit Law of the People’s Republic of China, Administrative Reconsideration Law of the People’s Republic of China, Administrative Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China to establish the systems of administrative supervision, audit supervision, administrative re-consideration and administrative procedure to strengthen supervi-sion over the administrative organs and their staff. The CPC Central Committee formulated the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Intra-Party Supervision (Trial), Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Inspection Work (Trial), Interim Measures on Conducting Admonition Talks and Written Inquiries with Party-member Leading Cadres, and Interim Regulations on Report by Party-member Leading Cadres on Their Work and Integ-rity, institutionalizing and improving various aspects of intra-Party supervision.
To crack down on corruption in line with law and discipline, China have been enacting and continuously improving substantive laws and regulations that punish violations of law and discipline, including criminal punishment, Party discipline and administrative discipline. In the case of criminal punishment, by formulating and revising the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, the liabilities of corruption-related crimes, such as embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty, holding a huge amount of property with an unidentified source, have been defined. The Supreme Peo-ple’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate have worked out relevant judicial interpretations for the law, making them an important legal basis for punishing crimes of corruption. In the case of Party discipline, the CPC promulgated the Regulations on Disciplinary Sanctions of the Communist Party of China and sup-porting provisions, which clearly define conducts of Party mem-bers that go against the Party’s stipulations for clean government and self-discipline, embezzlement and bribery, as well as acts in violation of financial and economic discipline, and prescribe five measures for enforcing Party discipline: explicit warning, stern warning, removal from post within the Party, probation within the Party and expulsion from the Party. In the case of administrative discipline, the state has promulgated the Regulations on the Pun-ishment of Civil Servants in Administrative Organs, which specify the principles, power limit, the types of misconduct and the pun-ishment standards, including explicit warning, recording of demerit, recording of major demerit, demotion, dismissal from post and dis-charge from office.
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