一、坚定不移地推进反腐败和廉政建设
反腐败和廉政建设关系国家发展全局、关系最广大人民根本利益、关系社会公平正义与和谐稳定。坚决惩治腐败和有效预防腐败，大力加强廉政建设，是中国共产党和中国政府的一贯主张。
新中国成立之初，先后设立国家检察机关、政府监察机关和中国共产党的纪律检查机关，颁布了《中华人民共和国宪法》、《中华人民共和国惩治贪污条例》等法律法规，反腐败和廉政建设体制机制初步建立。为保持新生人民政权的纯洁性，中国开展了反贪污、反浪费、反官僚主义的“三反”运动和反对行贿、反对偷税漏税、反对盗骗国家财产、反对偷工减料和反对盗窃经济情报的“五反”运动。通过这些措施，坚决打击贪污腐败行为，惩处一批腐败分子，形成了风清气正、蓬勃向上的良好局面。
I. Unswervingly Pushing forward the Undertaking of Combating Corruption and Building a Clean Government
Combating corruption and building a clean government is re-lated to China’s national development, the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people, social fairness, justice, harmony and stability. It is the consistent stand of the CPC and the Chinese government to resolutely punish and effectively prevent corruption, and endeavor to build a clean government.
Shortly after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, China established state procuratorial organs, government supervisory organs and organs for discipline inspection in the CPC, and promulgated a series of laws and regulations, including the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and Regula-tions of the People’s Republic of China for Suppression of Cor-ruption. The system and mechanism for combating corruption and building a clean government were basically in place. In order to guarantee the purity of the new people’s political power, China launched the Three-anti Campaign (anti-corruption, anti-waste and anti-bureaucracy within the Party, government, army and mass organizations) and the Five-anti Campaign (against bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on government contracts, and stealing economic information from the end of 1951 to Octo-ber 1952. Through these measures, those guilty of bribery and cor-ruption were seriously punished, and a clean, just and lively at-mosphere was fostered.
20世纪70年代末，中国开始实行改革开放政策。改革开放是一个从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的社会大变革的过程，极大地解放了生产力，激发了社会活力。同时，在这个过程中也出现了一些消极腐败现象。面对新的考验和挑战，中国坚持一手抓发展经济，一手抓惩治腐败，开展以打击走私、套汇、贪污受贿等严重经济犯罪活动为重点的专项斗争，设立审计机关，制定《中华人民共和国刑法》、《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》等一批法律法规，进一步完善反腐败和廉政建设制度，探索在改革开放新形势下依法有序开展反腐败的途径和办法。
20世纪90年代，中国开始建立社会主义市场经济体制。面对新旧体制转换过程中腐败现象滋生蔓延的情况，中国作出加大反腐败斗争力度的决策，确立领导干部廉洁自律、查办违法违纪案件、纠正部门和行业不正之风的反腐败三项工作格局。明确提出坚持标本兼治，教育是基础，法制是保证，监督是关键；通过深化改革，不断铲除腐败现象滋生蔓延的土壤。制定了一系列加强反腐败和廉政建设的法律法规，不断完善反腐败制度体系。在检察机关设立反贪污贿赂部门、反渎职侵权部门和职务犯罪预防部门。作出军队、武警部队、政法机关一律不得经商等重大决策。推进行政审批、财政管理、干部人事等体制机制制度改革，实行政务公开、厂务公开和村务公开等制度。反腐败和廉政建设走上标本兼治、综合治理、逐步加大治本力度的轨道。
In the late 1970s, China began to carry out the reform and opening-up policy. The reform and opening-up is a process of great social reform from a highly-centralized planned economy to a so-cialist market economy full of vigor, from a closed or semi-closed state to a state fully opened up to the outside world, which greatly liberated and developed the productive forces, and inspired social vigor. In this process corruption arose to some extent. Facing the new tests and challenges, China has implemented the policy of punishing corruption while making efforts to develop the economy, and carried out a series of special campaigns against such serious economic crimes as smuggling, illegal arbitrage of foreign exchange, embezzlement and taking bribes. A number of laws and regulations, including the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China, were promulgated, together with the establishment of auditing bodies, thus further improving the system of combating corruption and building a clean government, and exploring new ways and methods of combating corruption under the aegis of the law in the new circumstance of reform and opening-up.
In the 1990s, China started to establish the socialist market economic system. Facing rampant corruption arising in the process of system transition, China made the decision to intensify efforts in opposing corruption and established a work pattern in anti-corruption that covered three aspects, i.e., ensuring leading cadres are incor-ruptible and self-disciplined, investigating and dealing with all breaches of law and discipline, and rectifying malpractices in various trades and departments. It was explicitly stated that both symptoms and root causes of corruption should be addressed, with education as the basis, laws as the guarantee and supervision as the key, and the soil that breeds corruption should be continuously re-moved through deepening reform. A number of laws and regula-tions on combating corruption and building a clean government were enacted, thus further improving the anti-corruption system. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery departments, departments dealing with dereliction of duty, malfeasance and infringement of citizens’ rights were set up in the procuratorial organs. Many major deci-sions were made in this regard, including the decision to ban any-one in the army, public security forces or procuratorial, judicial or public security organs to engage in business transactions. Reforms in the structures, mechanisms and systems were carried out re-garding administrative examination and approval, financial man-agement, cadre and personnel affairs, etc. In addition, regulations were formulated to make government work, enterprise affairs and village affairs known to the public. The work of combating corrup-tion and building a clean government has embarked on a road that features addressing of both symptoms and root causes of corrup-tion, comprehensive treatment and gradual intensification of efforts to eliminate the root causes.
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