随着国家经济社会发展，中国国防费保持适度合理增长。2008年和2009年，中国国内生产总值分别为314045亿元人民币和340903亿元人民币。国家财政支出分别为62592.66亿元人民币和76299.93亿元人民币，分别比上年增长25.7％和21.9％。2008年和2009年，中国年度国防费分别为4178.76亿元人民币和4951.10亿元人民币，分别比上年增长17.5％和18.5％。近年来，中国年度国防费占国内生产总值的比重相对稳定，占国家财政支出的比重略有下降。
中国国防费主要由人员生活费、训练维持费和装备费3部分组成，各部分大体各占三分之一。人员生活费用于军官、文职干部、士兵和聘用人员的工资津贴、住房保险、伙食被装等。训练维持费用于部队训练、院校教育、工程设施建设维护以及其他日常消耗性支出。装备费用于武器装备的研究、试验、采购、维修、运输和储存等。国防费的保障范围包括现役部队、预备役部队和民兵，同时也负担部分退役军人、军人配偶生活及子女教育、支援国家和地方经济建设等社会性支出。
With the development of national economy and society, the increase of China's defense expenditure has been kept at a reasonable and appropriate level. China's GDP was RMB31,404.5 billion in 2008 and RMB34,090.3 billion in 2009. State financial expenditure was RMB6,259.266 billion in 2008 and RMB7,629.993 billion in 2009, up 25.7 percent and 21.9 percent respectively over the previous year. China's defense expenditure was RMB417.876 billion in 2008 and RMB495.11 billion in 2009, up 17.5 percent and 18.5 percent respectively over the previous year. In recent years, the share of China's annual defense expenditure in its GDP has remained relatively steady, while that in overall state financial expenditure has been moderately decreased.
China's defense expenditure mainly comprises expenses for personnel, training and maintenance, and equipment, with each accounting for roughly one third of the total. Personnel expenses mainly cover salaries, allowances, housing, insurance, food, bedding and clothing for officers, non-ranking officers, enlisted men and contracted civilians. Training and maintenance expenses mainly cover troop training, institutional education, construction and maintenance of installations and facilities, and other expenses on routine consumables. Equipment expenses mainly cover R&D, experimentation, procurement, maintenance, transportation and storage of weaponry and equipment. Defense expenditure covers costs to support the active forces, reserve forces, and militia. It also covers part of the costs to support retired servicemen, servicemen's spouses, and education of servicemen's children, as well as national and local economic development and other social expenses.
(Table 1: China's Defense Expenditure in 2009)
上一篇：《2010年中国的国防》（中英对照）VIII
下一篇：《2010年中国的国防》（中英对照）VI
微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们，每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧，外语学习及翻译招聘信息。