中国边海防实行军地分工负责的防卫管理体制。军队主要负责边境、沿海和海上防卫警戒，防范、制止和打击外来入侵、蚕食、挑衅以及越界破坏等活动；公安边防部队主要负责边境沿海地区和海上治安管理及口岸出入境边防检查，防范、打击边境沿海地区偷渡、贩毒、走私等违法犯罪，组织参与边境沿海地区的反恐怖和处置突发事件工作；海监、渔政、海事、检验检疫、海关等部门负责相应的维权执法和管理任务。国家设立边海防委员会，在国务院、中央军委领导下，负责协调全国边海防工作。各军区和沿边沿海省、市、县三级均设立边海防委员会，统一协调本辖区的边海防工作。
近年来，人民解放军边海防部队按照强边固防、睦邻友好、维护稳定、促进发展的要求，执行国家有关法律规定和与邻国签订的协定协议，坚持搞好战备执勤，严密防范各类入侵、蚕食和越境渗透破坏活动，及时制止违反边海防政策法规和改变国界线现状的行为，有效维护边境沿海地区和管辖海域的安全稳定。公安边防部队扎实开展边境防控、反恐维稳斗争，加强口岸检查和海上管控，严厉打击偷渡、贩毒、走私等犯罪。2009年以来共破获各类案件3.7万起，缴获非法枪支3845支。
China practices an administration system of sharing responsibilities between the military and the local authorities in border and coastal defense. The armed forces are mainly tasked to safeguard the border, coastal and maritime security, and guard against, stop and subdue such activities as foreign intrusions, encroachments, provocations and cross-border sabotage. The main responsibilities of the border public security force are as follows: border, coastal and maritime public security administration, entry-exit frontier inspection at ports; prevention and crackdown on illegal and criminal acts in border and coastal areas, such as illegal border crossing, drug trafficking and smuggling; and organization of and participation in counter-terrorist and emergency-management operations in border and coastal areas. Organs of maritime surveillance, fisheries administration, marine affairs, inspection and quarantine, and customs are responsible for ensuring legitimate rights, law enforcement, and administration. The State Commission of Border and Coastal Defense, under the dual leadership of the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), coordinates China's border and coastal defenses. All military area commands, as well as border and coastal provinces, cities and counties, have commissions to coordinate border and coastal defenses within their respective jurisdictions.
In recent years, in line with the policy of consolidating border defense, cultivating good neighborliness and friendship, maintaining stability and promoting development, the PLA frontier and coastal guards abide by relevant laws and regulations of China as well as any treaties and agreements with neighboring countries, well perform border defense duties, maintain a rigorous guard against any invasion, encroachment or cross-border sabotage, timely prevent any violation of border and coastal policies, laws and regulations and changes to the current borderlines, and effectively safeguard the security and stability of the borders, coastal areas and maritime waters within their jurisdictions. The border public security force makes solid progress in border defense and control, counter-terrorism, and maintenance of stability. It has strengthened efforts in port inspection, maritime management and control, and clampdown on crimes, including illegal border crossing, drug-trafficking and smuggling. Since 2009, it has solved 37,000 cases and confiscated 3,845 illegal guns.
国家坚持把军警民联防联管联建作为保卫边海防、建设边海疆的有力保证。近年来，不断完善以军队为主体、各涉边涉海队伍协同配合、边境沿海地区民兵预备役和人民群众广泛参与的力量体系，推进以指挥信息系统为重点、以信息基础设施为支撑的边海防信息化建设，加强边海防基础设施建设，提高了管边控海能力水平，促进了沿边沿海地区经济建设和社会稳定。
空防安全是国家总体安全的重要组成部分。人民解放军空军是保卫国家空防安全的主体力量，陆军、海军和武警部队按照中央军委的指示担负部分空防任务。空军根据中央军委意图对担负防空任务的各种防空力量实施统一指挥。国家空防体系常年处于戒备状态，掌握空中动态，维护空中飞行秩序，组织空中战斗巡逻，处置空中突发情况，坚决捍卫国家领空主权，确保国家空中安全。
China has always treated combined military, police and civilian efforts as a strong guarantee for consolidating border and coastal defenses and developing border and coastal areas. In recent years, China has steadily improved a border and coastal defense force system featuring the PLA as the mainstay, the coordination and cooperation of other relevant forces, and the extensive participation of the militia, the reserve forces and the people in the border and coastal areas. It has advanced the informationization of border and coastal defenses, taking the command system as the focus and information infrastructure as the support, and strengthened efforts in building border and coastal defense infrastructure. This has enhanced border and maritime control capabilities and promoted the economic construction and social stability in the border and coastal areas.
Territorial air security is an important constituent of overall national security. The PLAAF is the mainstay of national territorial air defense, and in accordance with the instructions of the CMC, the Army, Navy, and People's Armed Police Force (PAPF) all undertake some territorial air defense responsibilities. The PLAAF exercises unified command over all air defense components in accordance with the CMC's intent. China's territorial air defense system stands on permanent alert. It keeps track of any developments in the air, preserves air traffic order, organizes combat air patrols, handles air emergencies, and resolutely defends China's sovereignty over its territorial air and its air security.
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