中国面临的安全挑战更加多元和复杂。中国有辽阔的国土和海域，正处在全面建设小康社会的关键时期，维护国家安全任务繁重。“台独”分裂势力及其分裂活动仍是两岸关系和平发展的最大障碍和威胁。两岸关系发展还面临不少复杂因素的制约。“东突”、“藏独”分裂势力对国家安全和社会稳定造成严重危害。维护国家领土主权、海洋权益压力增大，恐怖主义的现实威胁存在，能源资源、金融、信息、自然灾害等非传统安全问题上升。来自外部的疑虑、干扰和牵制增加。美国违反中美三个联合公报原则，继续向台湾出售武器，严重损害中美关系和两岸关系和平发展。
面对纷繁复杂的安全形势，中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持综合安全、合作安全、共同安全的理念，奉行互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，全面维护国家政治、经济、军事、社会、信息等各领域安全，与世界各国一道共同营造和平稳定、平等互信、合作共赢的国际安全环境。
China is meanwhile confronted by more diverse and complex security challenges. China has vast territories and territorial seas. It is in a critical phase of the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. Therefore, it faces heavy demands in safeguarding national security. The "Taiwan independence" separatist force and its activities are still the biggest obstacle and threat to the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations. Further progress in cross-Strait relations is still confronted by some complicating factors. Separatist forces working for "East Turkistan independence" and "Tibet independence" have inflicted serious damage on national security and social stability. Pressure builds up in preserving China's territorial integrity and maritime rights and interests. Non-traditional security concerns, such as existing terrorism threats, energy, resources, finance, information and natural disasters, are on the rise. Suspicion about China, interference and countering moves against China from the outside are on the increase. The United States, in the defiance of the three Sino-US joint communiques, continues to sell weapons to Taiwan, severely impeding Sino-US relations and impairing the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations.
In the face of the complex security environment, China will hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, adhere to the concepts of overall security, cooperative security and common security, advocate its new security concept based on mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation, safeguard political, economic, military, social and information security in an all-round way, and endeavor to foster, together with other countries, an international security environment of peace, stability, equality, mutual trust, cooperation and win-win.
二、国防政策
中国奉行防御性的国防政策。依照宪法和法律，中国武装力量肩负对外抵抗侵略、保卫祖国，对内维护社会大局稳定、保卫人民和平劳动的神圣职责。建设与国家安全和发展利益相适应的巩固国防和强大军队，是中国现代化建设的战略任务，是中国各族人民的共同事业。
中国的发展道路、根本任务、对外政策和历史文化传统，决定中国必然实行防御性的国防政策。中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，对内努力构建社会主义和谐社会，对外推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。中国坚定不移地推进改革开放和社会主义现代化建设，既利用和平的国际环境发展自己，又通过自己的发展维护世界和平。中国坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，在坚持和平共处五项原则的基础上同所有国家发展友好合作。中国坚定不移地秉承中华民族优秀文化传统和以和为贵的和平理念，主张用非军事手段解决争端、慎重对待战争和战略上后发制人。不论现在还是将来，不论发展到什么程度，中国都永远不称霸，永远不搞军事扩张。
II. National Defense Policy
China pursues a national defense policy which is defensive in nature. In accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws, the armed forces of China undertake the sacred duty of resisting foreign aggression, defending the motherland, and safeguarding overall social stability and the peaceful labor of its people. To build a fortified national defense and strong armed forces compatible with national security and development interests is a strategic task of China's modernization, and a common cause of the people of all ethnic groups.
The pursuit of a national defense policy which is defensive in nature is determined by China's development path, its fundamental aims, its foreign policy, and its historical and cultural traditions. China unswervingly takes the road of peaceful development, strives to build a harmonious socialist society internally, and promotes the building of a harmonious world enjoying lasting peace and common prosperity externally. China unswervingly advances its reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization, making use of the peaceful international environment for its own development which in return will contribute to world peace. China unswervingly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and promotes friendly cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. China unswervingly maintains its fine cultural traditions and its belief in valuing peace above all else, advocating the settlement of disputes through peaceful means, prudence on the issue of war, and the strategy of "attacking only after being attacked." China will never seek hegemony, nor will it adopt the approach of military expansion now or in the future, no matter how its economy develops.
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