实施易地扶贫搬迁。在坚持群众自愿的前提下，对居住在生存条件恶劣、自然资源贫乏地区的贫困人口实行易地扶贫搬迁，是改善他们生存环境和发展条件的重要途径。截至2010年，中国政府对770余万贫困人口实行了扶贫搬迁，有效改善了这些群众的居住、交通、用电等生活条件。在推进工业化、城镇化的进程中，一些贫困地区把扶贫搬迁与县城、中心镇、工业园区建设和退耕还林还草、生态移民、撤乡并镇、防灾避灾等项目相结合，在促进贫困农民转移就业的同时，改善了这些群众获得公共服务的条件。
开展金融扶贫。资金短缺一直是制约贫困人口生存和发展的重要因素。从2006年开始，国家在全国1.36万个贫困村开展了贫困村互助资金试点，每个试点村安排财政扶贫资金15万元人民币，按照“民有、民用、民管、民享、周转使用、滚动发展”的方式支持村民发展生产，建立起财政扶贫资金使用长效机制。开展扶贫贷款财政贴息改革，引导和撬动金融机构扩大贴息贷款投放规模，从2001年至2010年，中央财政累计安排扶贫贷款财政贴息资金54.15亿元人民币、发放扶贫贷款近2000亿元人民币。特别是2008年国家对扶贫贷款管理体制进行全面改革，通过引入市场竞争机制、扩大扶贫贷款机构经营权限、下放贴息资金管理权限等，进一步调动了地方和金融机构开展扶贫开发的积极性，有效改善了贫困群众贷款难问题。
Relocating impoverished populations from environmentally unfriendly areas. The voluntary relocation of impoverished populations from areas with harsh living conditions and natural resource-poor areas is an important way to improve their living environment and development conditions. By 2010, the Chinese government had relocated 7.7 million impoverished people, effectively improving their housing, communications, power supply and other living conditions. In the process of advancing industrialization and urbanization, some impoverished areas have combined such poverty-relief relocation with the construction of county seats, central towns and industrial parks, converting cultivated land back to forests and grasslands, migration for ecological purpose, merger of villages and disaster prevention, in an effort to improve public services for these people while promoting the employment of impoverished farmers in urban areas and sectors outside agriculture.
Financial poverty reduction. Shortages in funds have always been an important factor holding back the survival and development of the poor. Since 2006, the state has tried out an experimental mutual funding program in 13,600 impoverished villages, allocating 150,000 yuan to each of the villages to support local production in line with the principles of "owned by the people, used by the people, managed by the people, enjoyed by the people, cyclical usage and spiral development," thus establishing a long-term working mechanism for the use of the fund. China has also carried out reforms in interest discounts for poverty-relief loans in an effort to guide and inspire financial institutions to grant more loans of interest discounts. From 2001 to 2010, the central government appropriated in total 5.415 billion yuan of poverty reduction funds with discount interests, and granted nearly 200 billion yuan of poverty reduction loans. The comprehensive reform of the state administrative system of poverty reduction loans in 2008, in particular, further motivated local governments and financial institutions to engage in development-oriented poverty reduction, and effectively helped needy people to get such loans by introducing the market competition mechanism, expanding the operational authority of the loan-issuing bodies, and delegating greater power to lower levels in the management of interest-discounted funds, among other measures.
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