(二)完善管理体制和工作机制
建立并完善国家应对气候变化领导小组统一领导、国家发展和改革委员会归口管理、各有关部门分工负责、各地方各行业广泛参与的应对气候变化管理体制和工作机制。2007年，中国成立了国家应对气候变化领导小组，国务院总理任组长，相关20个部门的部长为成员。国家发展和改革委员会承担领导小组的具体工作，并于2008年设置应对气候变化司，负责统筹协调和归口管理应对气候变化工作。中国政府有关部门相继建立了应对气候变化职能机构和工作机制，负责组织开展本领域应对气候变化工作。2010年，在国家应对气候变化领导小组框架内设立协调联络办公室，加强了部门间协调配合；调整充实国家气候变化专家委员会，提高了应对气候变化决策的科学性。中国各省(自治区、直辖市)都建立了应对气候变化工作领导小组和专门工作机构，一些副省级城市和地级市也建立了应对气候变化相关工作机构。国务院有关部门相继成立了国家应对气候变化战略研究和国际合作中心、应对气候变化研究中心等工作支持机构，一些高等院校、科研院所成立了气候变化研究机构。
2. Improving Management Systems and Working Mechanism
China has built and constantly improved its management system and working mechanism to address climate change, which features the unified leadership of the National Leading Group to Address Climate Change, administration by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), division of work with separate responsibilities among relevant departments and wide participation of various localities and industries. In 2007, the National Leading Group to Address Climate Change was set up, with premier of the State Council as its head and 20 ministers as its members. The NDRC was assigned the specific work by the leading group, and in 2008 the NDRC set up a department to coordinate and supervise the relevant work. Following that, relevant government departments established functional organs and working mechanisms to address climate change work in their own fields. To coordinate the inter-ministry work, a liaison office was set up within the framework of the National Leading Group to Address Climate Change in 2010, and the National Panel on Climate Change was adjusted and strengthened to ensure scientific decision-making. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have established their own leading groups and working organs to address climate change, and some sub-provincial or prefectural cities have also set up offices to address climate change. Relevant departments under the State Council have founded supportive organs such as the National Center for Climate Strategy and International Cooperation of China, and the Research Center for Climate Change, and some universities and scientific institutions have opened their own climate change research organizations.
(三)加强统计核算能力建设
完善能源等相关统计制度。印发《节能减排统计监测及考核实施方案和办法》，进一步完善能耗核算制度，新建了10项能源统计制度，基本涵盖了全社会各领域能源消费。各地方完善能源统计机构设置和人员配备，加强能源统计工作。各省(自治区、直辖市)均成立了能源统计机构，重点用能单位也加强了能源统计和计量工作。建立重点用能单位能源利用状况报告制度，规范重点用能单位能源利用状况报告报送工作。制定林业碳汇计量监测技术指南，推进了林业碳汇计量监测体系建设。
加强温室气体排放核算。继2004年向《联合国气候变化框架公约》（简称《公约》）缔约方大会提交《中华人民共和国气候变化初始国家信息通报》后，组织编制中国2005年温室气体排放清单和第二次国家信息通报。建立中国温室气体清单数据库，发布《省级温室气体排放清单编制指南(试行)》，启动省级温室气体清单编制工作，开展一系列培训活动。
3. Enhancing Statistical and Accounting Capabilities
Improving energy and related statistical systems. China has issued the Implementation Plan and Methods for Statistical Monitoring and Reviewing of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, further improved the energy-consumption accounting calculation system, and worked out ten new energy statistical systems, which basically cover energy consumption by all sectors of society. The various localities have improved their energy statistical setups and personnel placement to spur statistical work in this field. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have set up energy statistics organizations, and key energy consumption units have boosted their energy statistical and accounting work. A reporting system has been in place for key energy consumption units to report their energy utilization, and standardize their submission of such reports. Technical guidance for forest carbon sink metering and monitoring has been formulated to promote the construction of such metering and monitoring systems.
Reinforcing greenhouse gas emission accounting. In the wake of its submission of the Initial National Communication on Climate Change of the People's Republic of China to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at the tenth session of the Conference of the Parties in 2004, China organized the compilation of a greenhouse gas emission list and the second national communication report in 2005. It has built a national databank of greenhouse gas lists, issued the Guidance for Compiling Provincial Greenhouse Gas Emission Lists (Trial), and started the compilation work at provincial level and held a series of training courses in this regard.
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