加强海洋气候观测网络建设。通过开展海洋观测系统的建设，初步形成对全国近海和部分大洋的海洋关键气候要素的观测能力，初步构建典型海洋生态敏感区监测体系，有效提高了海—气二氧化碳交换通量监测体系能力水平。全面启动全国和沿海省级海洋功能区划修编工作，开展了海域海岸带和重点海岛整治修复工作。积极开展红树林栽培移种、珊瑚礁移植保护、滨海湿地退养还滩等海洋生态恢复示范工程。开展风暴潮、海浪、海啸和海冰等海洋灾害的观测预警工作，有效降低了各类海洋灾害造成的人员伤亡和财产损失。开展海平面上升、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵和土壤盐渍化监测、调查和评估工作，对沿海94个验潮站的基准潮位进行了重新核定。开展中国近海海洋综合调查与评价工作，系统梳理中国海洋灾害时空分布特征。发布年度中国海洋环境状况公报、中国海平面公报和中国海洋灾害公报，为有效应对和防御各类海洋灾害提供支撑。
(四)卫生健康领域
China has strengthened the construction of a marine meteorological observation network. With such a network in place, the country has been able to observe the key climate factors in its offshore regions and some oceans, and basically built up a typical monitoring system in the eco-sensitive marine areas, thereby effectively enhancing its ability to monitor the sea-air carbon dioxide exchange flux. China has started redefining the national and provincial marine functional zoning, has started marine ecosystem restoration projects in the coastal areas and on key islands, and launched eco-restoration demonstration projects such as cultivating and replanting mangroves, protecting coral reefs by way of relocation, and returning coastal wetlands to beaches. The observation and early warning work related to storm surge, sea wave, tsunami, sea ice and other marine disasters have effectively reduced the casualties and property losses caused by such marine disasters. Observation, investigation and evaluation have been conducted of sea level rise, coastal erosion, seawater intrusion and saline tide, and the datum tide marks of 94 tidal gauging stations have been re-verified. Through comprehensive offshore investigation and evaluation, it has obtained systematic knowledge of the distribution, both spatially and temporally, of marine disasters. In addition, annual gazettes have been released on marine conditions, sea levels and marine disasters to provide information for preventing and combating various marine disasters.
4. Public Health
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