(四)控制非能源活动温室气体排放
强化对工业生产过程、农业活动、废弃物处理等领域的温室气体排放控制。应用电石渣替代石灰石生产水泥熟料等原料替代技术、高炉渣和粉煤灰等作为添加混合材料生产水泥等工艺过程，采用二级处理法和三级处理法处理硝酸生产过程的氧化亚氮排放、催化分解和热氧化分解处理己二酸生产过程的氧化亚氮排放、热氧化法对HFC-23进行捕获和清除等。加快畜牧业生产方式转变，减少农田种植和畜禽养殖中甲烷和氧化亚氮排放。启动实施土壤有机质提升补贴项目，累计推广秸秆还田、绿肥种植、增施有机肥等技术措施面积近3000万亩。完善城市废弃物标准，实施生活垃圾处理收费制度，推广利用先进的垃圾焚烧技术，制定促进填埋气体回收利用的激励政策。积极开展碳捕集、利用和封存技术研究与示范。据初步统计，截至2010年底，中国工业生产过程的氧化亚氮排放基本稳定在2005年的水平上，甲烷排放增长速度得到一定控制。
(五)增加碳汇
4. Controlling Non-energy-related Greenhouse Gas Emission
The government has enhanced control over greenhouse gas emission in industrial and agricultural production, waste disposal and other fields. China has applied the raw material substitution technology such as replacing limestone with carbide slag in the cement clinker production process, applied the technique of producing cement with blast furnace slag and fly ash as added mixed materials, applied secondary- and tertiary-stage treatment to address the discharge of nitrous oxide during the nitric acid production process, applied catalytic decomposition and thermal oxidative decomposition to address the discharge of nitrous oxide during the adipic acid production process, and thermal oxidative decomposition to capture and remove HFC-23. China has quickened transformation in the mode of animal husbandry production, and reduced the emission of methane and nitrous oxide in cropland, and poultry and livestock farming. The government has launched the soil organic matter advancement subsidy project, and promoted returning straw to farmland, green manure growing, adding organic fertilizer and other technologies to an accumulated total area of about 30 million mu (a Chinese unit of area equal to 1/15 of a hectare). The government has improved urban waste disposal standards, adopted a household garbage charging system, promoted advanced waste incineration technology, and formulated incentive policies for landfill gas recovery. China also carries out research and demonstration for carbon capture, utilization and sequestration technologies. Statistics showed that by the end of 2010 China's nitrous oxide emission in industrial production generally remained at the level of 2005, and the growth of methane emission was basically brought under control.
5. Increasing Carbon Sink
增加森林碳汇。继续实施“三北”重点防护林工程、长江中下游地区重点防护林工程、退耕还林工程、天然林保护工程、京津风沙源治理工程等生态建设项目，开展碳汇造林试点，加强林业经营及可持续管理，提高森林蓄积量，中央财政提高了造林投入补助标准，每亩补助由100元人民币提高到200元人民币，建立了中国绿色碳汇基金会。目前，中国人工林保存面积6200万公顷，全国森林面积达到1.95亿公顷，森林覆盖率由2005年的18.21％提高到2010年的20.36％，森林蓄积量达到137.21亿立方米，全国森林植被碳储量达78.11亿吨。
提高农田和草地碳汇。在草原牧区落实草畜平衡和禁牧、休牧、划区轮牧等草原保护制度，控制草原载畜量，遏止草原退化。扩大退牧还草工程实施范围，加强人工饲草地和灌溉草场的建设。加强草原灾害防治，提高草原覆盖度，增加草原碳汇。到2010年，全国保护性耕作技术实施面积6475万亩，机械化免耕播种面积1.67亿亩，秸秆机械化粉碎还田面积4.28亿亩。
Increasing forest carbon sink. China is continuously carrying out ecological protection projects, such as the key shelterbelt construction project in northwest, northeast and north China and along the Yangtze River, and projects to return farmland to forest, natural forest protection project, the program to control sandstorms in the Beijing and Tianjin area. It has carried out a pilot afforestation project with an aim to expand carbon sinks, enhanced sustainable forest management, and increased the forest stock volume. The central finance has raised the standard for afforestation investment subsidy from RMB100 to 200 per mu, and established the China Green Carbon Fund. Currently, China's man-made forest reserve has reached 62 million ha; its national forest coverage has reached 195 million ha, with the forest coverage rate rising from 18.21 percent in 2005 to 20.36 percent in 2010, with a forest stock volume of 13.721 billion cu m. China's total carbon storage in forest vegetation has reached 7.811 billion tons.
Improving farmland and grassland carbon sinks. China is implementing the systems to promote grass-livestock balance, prohibiting or temporarily banning pasturing in certain areas, and regionally rotating pasturing, so as to control the livestock-carrying capacity of pastures and curb pasture degeneration. It is expanding the project of returning grazing land to grassland, strengthening the construction of man-made forage meadows and irrigated pastures, enhancing the prevention and control of grassland natural disasters, and increasing the grassland coverage rate and grassland carbon sinks. By 2010, protective farming technology had been applied to an area of 64.75 million mu; the no-tillage mechanical seeding area had reached 167 million mu; and mechanically-crushed straw had been returned to farmland in a total area of 428 million mu.
上一篇：《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动（2011）》（中英对照）III
下一篇：《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动（2011）》（中英对照）I
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