实行激励政策。加快推进能源价格形成机制改革，实施成品油税费改革，对高耗能行业实施差别电价，对超能耗产品实行惩罚性电价，推动供热计量收费。设立节能减排专项资金，“十一五”期间中央财政累计投入2250亿元人民币，重点支持节能技术改造和节能产品推广，形成节能能力3.4亿吨标准煤。稳妥推进资源税制改革，不断完善出口退税制度，调整车辆购置税政策，改革车船税，出台了节能节水、资源综合利用等方面的税收优惠政策。对高效、节能、低碳产品实施进口税收优惠政策。
经过各方努力，中国完成了“十一五”规划提出的节能目标，2010年单位国内生产总值能耗比2005年累计下降19.1％，相当于少排放二氧化碳14.6亿吨以上。“十一五”期间中国以能源消费年均6.6％的增长支撑了国民经济年均11.2％的增速，能源消费弹性系数由“十五”时期(2001—2005年)的1.04下降到0.59，缓解了能源供需矛盾。
Incentive policies. China has quickened the reform of the energy pricing mechanism, reformed the taxes and fees of refined petroleum products, adopted a differential electricity pricing policy for high-energy-consuming industries, imposed electricity pricing penalties on products with super-high energy consumption, and promoted the metered charging of heat supply by actual consumption of each household. The government has earmarked special funds for energy conservation and emission reduction. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the central treasury invested an accumulative total of RMB225 billion to support energy-efficient technology upgrading and the popularization of energy-efficient products, forming an energy conservation capacity of 340 million tons of standard coal. The government meanwhile has been steadily pushing forward the reform of the resource taxation system, improving the export tax rebate system, adjusting the policy on vehicle purchase, and vehicle and vessel tax, using preferential taxation policies to promote energy and water conservation, the comprehensive utilization of resources, and the import of energy-efficient and low-carbon products.
Through the efforts of all sectors, China accomplished its energy conservation goals listed in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. China's energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped 19.1 percent from that of 2005 accumulatively, or a reduction of 1.46 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions. During the same period, China's national economy expanded at an average annual rate of 11.2 percent, while its energy consumption grew only 6.6 percent annually on average. The energy consumption elasticity coefficient dropped from 1.04 in the Tenth Five-Year Plan period (2001-2005) to 0.59, which eased the contradiction between energy supply and demand.
(三)发展低碳能源
加快发展天然气等清洁能源。大力开发天然气，推进煤层气、页岩气等非常规油气资源开发利用，出台财政补贴、税收优惠、发电上网、电价补贴等政策，制定实施煤矿瓦斯治理和利用总体方案，大力推进煤炭清洁化利用，引导和鼓励煤矿瓦斯利用和地面煤层气开发。天然气产量由2005年的493亿立方米增加到2010年的948亿立方米，年均增长14％，天然气在中国能源消费结构中所占比重达到4.3％。煤层气累计抽采量305.5亿立方米，利用量114.5亿立方米，相当于减排二氧化碳1.7亿吨。
积极开发利用非化石能源。通过国家政策引导和资金投入，加强了水能、核能等低碳能源开发利用。截至2010年底，水电装机容量达到2.13亿千瓦，比2005年翻了一番；核电装机容量1082万千瓦，在建规模达到3097万千瓦。支持风电、太阳能、地热、生物质能等新型可再生能源发展。完善风力发电上网电价政策。实施“金太阳示范工程”，推行大型光伏电站特许权招标。完善农林生物质发电价格政策，加大对生物质能开发的财政支持力度，加强农村沼气建设。2010年，风电装机容量从2005年的126万千瓦增长到3107万千瓦，光伏发电装机规模由2005年的不到10万千瓦增加到60万千瓦，太阳能热水器安装使用总量达到1.68亿平方米，生物质发电装机约500万千瓦，沼气年利用量约140亿立方米，全国户用沼气达到4000万户左右，生物燃料乙醇利用量180万吨，各类生物质能源总贡献量合计约1500万吨标准煤。
3. Developing Low-carbon Energy
Accelerating the development of natural gas and other clean resources. The government is vigorously developing natural gas, encouraging the development and utilization of coal-bed methane, shale gas and other unconventional oil and gas resources, and has enacted a number of policies in this regard, such as financial subsidies, preferential taxation, connecting generated power to grid and electricity price subsidies. China has formulated and implemented an overall plan of management and utilization of coal mine methane, and is forcefully pushing forward the clean utilization of coal, guiding and encouraging the utilization of coal mine methane and the development of ground coal-bed methane. Natural gas production increased from 49.3 billion cu m in 2005 to 94.8 billion cu m in 2010, an average annual increase of 14 percent. In that period, China's natural gas consumption accounted for 4.3 percent of its total energy consumption, and the extraction of coal-bed methane reached 30.55 billion cu m, with the amount utilized reaching 11.45 billion cu m, equivalent to a reduction of 170 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
Proactively developing and utilizing non-fossil energy. China has enhanced the development and utilization of hydropower, nuclear energy and other low-carbon energy sources through policy guidance and fund input. By the end of 2010, China's installed hydropower capacity had reached 213 million kw, doubling the figure for 2005; and installed nuclear power capacity had reached 10.82 million kw, with another 30.97 million kw under construction. China supports the development of wind power, solar power, geothermal, biomass energy and other new types of renewable energy. It has improved the pricing policy for on-grid power generated by wind, and launched the "Golden Sun Demonstration Project" to promote the franchise bidding for large-scale photovoltaic power stations. It has improved the pricing policy for power generated by agricultural and forestry biomass energy, increased financial support for the development of biomass energy and enhanced methane development in rural areas. China's installed wind power capacity grew from 1.26 million kw in 2005 to 31.07 million kw in 2010, and installed photovoltaic power capacity increased from less than 100,000 kw in 2005 to 600,000 kw; the number of solar water heaters in use reached 168 million sq m; and installed biomass energy capacity was about 5 million kw. With an annual utilization of methane of about 14 billion cu m, the total number of methane users in China reached 40 million households; utilized ethanol bio-fuel was 1.8 million tons; and the contribution made by all types of biomass energy totaled 15 million tons of standard coal.
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