培育和壮大战略性新兴产业。制定并发布《关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定》，明确了培育发展战略性新兴产业的总体思路、重点任务和政策措施。选择战略性新兴产业重点领域，实施了若干重大工程，建设了一批重大项目。加快建设国家创新体系，实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程，加强重大技术攻关。启动新兴产业创投计划，发起设立了20只创业投资基金，支持节能环保、新能源等战略性新兴产业领域的创新企业成长。2010年中国高技术制造业的产值达到7.6万亿元人民币，位居世界第二，比2005年增长了一倍多。
加快发展服务业。制定实施《关于加快发展服务业的若干意见》、《关于加快发展服务业若干政策措施的实施意见》等重要文件，大力推动生产性服务业和生活性服务业的发展。出台《加快发展高技术服务业的指导意见》。2005年至2010年，中国服务业增加值年均增长11.9％，比国内生产总值年均增速高0.7个百分点，服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重由40.3％提高到43％。
Fostering and strengthening strategic and newly emerging industries. China has issued the Decision on Accelerating the Fostering and Development of Strategic and Newly Emerging Industries, which defines the overall principles, key tasks and policy measures for fostering and developing strategic and newly emerging industries. The Chinese government has selected key fields of these industries, implemented a number of major projects and built a range of related programs. China has accelerated the pace of building a national innovation system, implemented knowledge- and technology-innovation projects, and intensified efforts on tackling key technological problems. The government has initiated a venture capital investment program in newly emerging industries, established 20 venture capital investment funds, and supported the growth of innovative enterprises in energy conservation, environmental protection, new energy development and other sectors in strategic new industries. In 2010, the output value of China's high-tech manufacturing industries reached RMB7.6 trillion, ranking the second in the world, and more than twice the figure for 2005.
Accelerating the development of the service industry. China has formulated and implemented the Opinions Concerning Accelerating the Development of the Service Industry, Opinions on the Implementation of Some Policies and Measures for Accelerating the Development of the Service Industry, and other important documents, vigorously promoting the development of production- and life-related service trades. The government has also issued the Guidelines for Accelerating the Development of High-tech Service Industry. From 2005 to 2010, the added value of China's service sector increased 11.9 percent per year on average, with an average annual growth rate of 0.7 of a percentage point higher than that of GDP, and with its proportion in GDP rising from 40.3 percent to 43 percent.
(二)节约能源
加强目标责任考核。分解落实节能目标责任，建立了统计监测考核体系，对全国31个省级政府和千家重点企业节能目标完成情况和节能措施落实情况进行定期评价考核。2010年，全国18个重点地区开展节能减排专项督查，进行严格的目标责任考核和问责，促进了全国节能目标的实现。
推动重点领域节能。实施工业锅炉(窑炉)改造、热电联产、电机系统节能、余热余压利用等十大重点节能工程，开展千家企业节能行动，加强重点耗能企业节能管理，推动能源审计和能效对标活动。开展“车、船、路、港”千家企业低碳交通运输专项行动，大力发展城市公共交通。提高新建建筑强制性节能标准执行率，加快既有建筑节能改造，推动可再生能源在建筑中的应用，对政府机构办公用房进行节能改造。截至2010年底，全国城镇新建建筑设计阶段执行节能强制性标准的比例为99.5％，施工阶段执行节能强制性标准的比例为95.4％。“十一五”期间，累计建成节能建筑面积48.57亿平方米，共形成4600万吨标准煤的节能能力。开展零售业节能行动，限制生产、销售、使用塑料购物袋，抑制商品过度包装。
2. Energy Conservation
Enhancing target responsibility assessment. China has resolved and assigned responsibilities to fulfill set targets in energy conservation, and established a statistical monitoring and evaluation system to regularly evaluate the completion of energy conservation targets and the implementation of energy conservation measures by 31 provincial governments and 1,000 key enterprises. In 2010, China launched special supervision over energy conservation and emission reduction in 18 key regions. Strict target responsibility evaluation and accountability contributed to achieving the national energy conservation targets.
Promoting energy conservation in key fields. The Chinese government has carried out ten key energy conservation projects, including upgrading of industrial boilers and kilns, combined heat and power generation, electromechanical system energy conservation and residual heat and pressure utilization, conducted energy conservation in 1,000 enterprises, enhanced energy conservation management of key energy-consuming enterprises, and promoted energy audit and energy efficiency benchmarking activities. It has launched the low-carbon transportation action for automobiles, ships, roads and harbors in 1,000 enterprises, vigorously developed urban public transport. It has also improved the implementation rate of mandatory energy conservation standards of new buildings, quickened the energy conservation transformation of existing buildings, promoted the use of renewable energy resources in buildings, and conducted energy conservation transformation of government office buildings. By the end of 2010, the implementation rate of mandatory energy efficiency standards for new urban buildings reached 99.5 percent in the design stage and 95.4 percent in the construction stage. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the accumulated total energy-efficient floor space constructed was 4.857 billion sq m, with energy-saving capacity of 46 million tons of standard coal. The government has taken energy conservation actions in the retail sector by restraining the production, marketing and use of plastic shopping bags, and curbing over-packaging.
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