——货物贸易总量跻身世界前列。1978年，中国货物进出口总额只有206亿美元，在世界货物贸易中排名第32位，所占比重不足1%。2010年，中国货物进出口总额达到29740亿美元，比1978年增长了143倍，年均增长16.8%。其中，出口总额15778亿美元，年均增长17.2%；进口总额13962亿美元，年均增长16.4%。中国出口总额和进口总额占世界货物出口和进口的比重分别提高到10.4%和9.1%，连续两年成为世界货物贸易第一出口大国和第二进口大国。
——货物贸易结构发生了根本性变化。中国出口商品结构在20世纪80年代实现了由初级产品为主向工业制成品为主的转变，到90年代实现了由轻纺产品为主向机电产品为主的转变，进入新世纪以来，以电子和信息技术为代表的高新技术产品出口比重不断扩大。外贸经营主体除了国有企业外，还包括外商投资企业、民营企业等，后二者的进出口总额目前均已超过国有企业。20世纪80年代至本世纪初，中国加工贸易蓬勃发展，成为外贸的半壁江山。在中国外贸发展中，外商投资企业和加工贸易发挥了十分重要的作用。
-- China's total trade volume in goods ranks high globally. In 1978 the total value of China's import and export was only 20.6 billion U.S. dollars, ranking 32nd in world trade and accounting for less than 1 percent of the world's total. In 2010 the total value of China's import and export reached 2.974 trillion U.S. dollars, 144 times as much as that in 1978, averaging an annual growth of 16.8 percent. In 2010 the total value of China's export was 1.5778 trillion U.S. dollars, showing an a 17.2 percent annual growth on average, and the total value of its import was 1.3962 trillion U.S. dollars, showing a 16.4 percent annual growth on average. In 2010, the total volumes of China's export and import accounted for 10.4 percent and 9.1 percent of the world's total, respectively. By the end of 2010 China had been the world's largest exporter and second-largest importer for two consecutive years.
(Figure 1 China's Import and Export of Goods 1978-2010)
-- The structure of China's trade in goods has fundamentally changed. China's export commodity structure shifted from the primary products dominated to manufactured goods dominated in the 1980s, and from mainly light industrial and textile products to mainly mechanical and electronic products in the 1990s. In the new century, China's export of high-tech products, led by electronics and information technology commodities, has been increasingly expanded. In addition to state-owned enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises and private enterprises also engage in foreign trade, and their total value of import and export has each exceeded that of the state-owned enterprises. From the 1980s to the early 21st century, China's processing trade flourished, accounting for half of the country's foreign trade volume. Throughout China's foreign trade development, foreign-invested enterprises and processing trade have played very significant roles.
(Table 1 China's Export Commodity Structure 1980-2010)
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