调整优化产业结构是促进稀土行业持续健康发展的重要内容。中国政府严格控制稀土冶炼分离总量，除国家批准的兼并重组、优化布局项目外，停止核准新建稀土冶炼分离项目，禁止现有稀土冶炼分离项目扩大生产规模。坚决制止违规项目建设，对越权审批、违规建设的，依法追究相关单位和负责人责任。调整稀土加工产品结构，控制稀土在低端领域的过度消费，压缩档次低、稀土消耗量大的加工产品产量，顺应国际稀土科技和产业发展趋势，鼓励发展高技术含量、高附加值的稀土应用产业。加快发展高性能稀土磁性材料、发光材料、储氢材料、催化材料等稀土新材料和器件，推动稀土材料在信息、新能源、节能、环保、医疗等领域的应用。鼓励企业加强管理创新，建立现代企业制度，加快产业升级，培育形成资源节约、环境友好、集约发展、积极履行社会责任的现代化企业。
六、促进公平贸易和国际合作
Readjusting and optimizing industrial structure is a crucial step in promoting the sustained and healthy development of the rare earth industry. The Chinese government exercises strict control over the total volume of rare earth smelting and separation, and will not approve any new rare earth smelting and separation projects except for those state-sanctioned projects of merger and reorganization and for distribution optimum. Existing rare earth smelting and separation projects are prohibited from expanding their scale of production. The state resolutely halts the construction of projects that are undertaken in violation of relevant regulations, and will punish, in accordance with the law, departments and individuals responsible for giving ap-proval beyond their authority and those responsible for building the projects in violation of relevant regulations. China adjusts the structure of processed rare earth products, curtails the excessive consumption of rare earth resources by low-end products, and reduces the output of low-grade processed products that require high rare earth consumption. It aims to follow the international scientific and technological and overall industrial development trend and encourage the growth of high-tech rare earth application industries with high added value. In addition, the state expedites the development of high-performance rare earth materials and devices, including magnetic, luminescent, hydrogen- storage, and catalytic materials, and encourages the application of rare earth materials in the fields of information, new energy, energy conservation, environmental protection and health care. The states encourages enterprises to strengthen innovation in management, establish the modern enterprise system, and accelerate industrial upgrading, in order to transform them into modern enterprises that save resources, protect the environment, follow the path of intensive development and actively fulfill their social responsibilities.
VI. Promoting Fair Trade and International Cooperation
对外开放是中国的基本国策。在稀土领域，中国兼顾国际国内两种资源、两个市场，奉行既保持国际市场稀土合理供应，又保护生态环境与资源的双赢战略，不断促进公平贸易和国际交流合作。
基于资源环境保护和可持续发展的需要，在统筹考虑国内外市场、资源环境承载能力以及国内生产情况下，中国严格控制稀土开采和生产总量，同步实施有关开采、生产、消费及出口的限制措施，合理确定年度稀土出口配额总量，基本满足了国际市场正常需求。与此同时，严格海关监管，规范企业申报管理，要求稀土出口企业必须符合产业政策、行业准入、环保标准等要求。加强对出口企业的监督管理，强化行业自律，对变相出口稀土产品、从非法渠道采购出口产品及其他扰乱出口经营秩序等行为的企业，依法追究相应法律责任。2011年，开展了打击稀土走私专项行动，共查获稀土走私犯罪案件8起、稀土769吨，抓获走私犯罪嫌疑人23人。同时，国家严格禁止进口放射性物质超标的稀土矿产品。
Opening up is a basic state policy of China. In the field of rare earths, China gives simultaneous consideration to both domestic and international resources and markets, and follows a win-win strategy that both ensures a reasonable supply of rare earth products onto the international market and helps protect the environment and resources. China will continue its efforts in promoting fair trade and international exchanges and cooperation in this field.
In view of the needs of protecting the environment and resources and developing in a sustainable way, and after giving overall considerations to the domestic and international markets, the carrying capacity of resources and environment, as well as domestic production conditions, China strictly controls the total volumes of rare earth mining and production, and takes restrictive measures on the mining, production, consumption and export of rare earth products simultaneously. The state sets a reasonable quota for annual rare earth exports that basically satisfies the normal demand of the international market. Meanwhile, China tightens customs control, regulates the management of declarations to be filed by enterprises, and orders rare earth export enterprises to comply with the industrial policies, industry access and environmental standards. The state is reinforcing its supervision and control over export enterprises and the self-discipline of the industry. In accordance with the law, it investigates and punishes enterprises that export rare earth products clandestinely, export products procured from illegal channels or commit other acts disrupting the normal order of rare earth export. In 2011, the state carried out a special campaign to crack down on rare earth smuggling, during which it tracked down 769 tons of smuggled rare earth products and 23 criminal suspects in eight cases. Meanwhile, the state strictly bans the import of rare earth products containing radioactive substances that exceed the prescribed limits.
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