四、促进稀土利用与环境协调发展
近年来，出于保护环境的需要，中国不断加强、完善对高能耗、高污染、资源性产品和相关行业的管理。在稀土领域，国家更是采取一系列有力措施，促进稀土开发利用与生态环境的协调发展，绝不以牺牲环境为代价换取稀土行业的发展。
IV. Better Coordination of Rare Earth Utilization with Environmental Protection
In recent years, out of the need of environmental protection, China has been improving its control over high-energy consuming, highly polluting and resource-based products and related industries. In the rare earth industry in particular, the state has adopted a series of effective measures to better coordinate rare earth development and utilization with environmental protection. China will never develop the rare earth industry at the expense of its environment.
加强对稀土行业的环境管理和相应的法规建设，是促进稀土利用与生态环境协调发展的重要保障。20世纪80年代以来，中国制定了《环境保护法》、《水污染防治法》等十余部环境保护类法律，建立起环境影响评价、污染物总量控制、限期治理等制度。国家颁布实施了《土地复垦条例》，全面落实土地复垦义务，要求实现矿山边开采、边保护、边复垦，修复矿山生态环境。从“十一五”规划(2006—2010年)开始，国家将节能减排纳入国民经济和社会发展规划目标，把降低能源消耗强度、降低化学需氧量和二氧化硫排放作为约束性指标，“十二五”规划(2011—2015年)又将降低二氧化碳排放强度、降低氨氮和氮氧化物排放纳入约束性指标。为进一步加强稀土行业的生态环境保护，2011年国家颁布实施《稀土工业污染物排放标准》，明确了稀土生产企业氨氮、化学需氧量、磷、氟、钍、重金属及二氧化硫、氯气、颗粒物等污染物的排放限值。目前，中国正在研究建立稀土行业环境风险评估制度。
The state has strengthened control of the rare earth industry with regard to environmental protection and formulated relevant laws and regulations, which is essential to the better coordination of rare earth utilization with environmental protection. Since the 1980s, China has enacted about a dozen laws related to environmental protection, including the Environmental Protection Law and the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, and established the systems of environmental impact assessment, control of the total pollutant discharge, and ordered treatment of pollution within a time limit. The state promulgated and put into effect the Regulations on Land Reclamation to ensure the full fulfillment of land reclamation obligations, demanding that mining, environmental protection and land reclamation should be conducted concurrently to timely restore the eco-environment that has been damaged by mining. Since the implementation of the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-2010), the state has listed energy conservation and emission reduction as part of the objectives of national economic and social development, and mandated the targets of reducing the intensity of energy consumption, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfur-dioxide emission. The 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) has added reducing the intensity of carbon-dioxide emission and emission of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides to the list of mandatory targets. In 2011, to intensify environment protection efforts in the rare earth industry, the state enforced the Pollutant Discharge Standards for the Rare Earth Industry, which sets the limits of COD, and emission of such pollutants as ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, fluorine, thorium, heavy metals, sulfur dioxide, chlorine gas, and particulates for rare earth enterprises. At present, China has been making studies in the establishment of an environmental risk assessment system for the rare earth industry.
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