近年来，中国开展了稀土开采、生产专项整治行动，多方面对稀土资源进行有效保护和合理利用。通过运用卫星航拍、视频监控、定期检查、月报制度、专用发票监控、举报电话等手段，严控稀土开采总量和指令性生产计划指标。依法坚决打击稀土非法开采和超控制指标开采，坚决打击稀土冶炼分离企业无计划、超计划生产。加强对重点稀土产区的联合监管，依法查处违法违规开采、生产和污染环境、浪费资源、不具备安全生产条件的稀土企业，并依法追究企业和相关人员责任。重新审核已颁发的勘查许可证和开采许可证，向社会公布合法采矿企业名单。加快建立规范稀土开采、生产秩序和监管的长效机制。深入推进稀土企业兼并重组，淘汰落后工艺和产能，实现规模化、集约化生产。通过专项整治，查处、纠正稀土违法勘查和开采行为600多起、立案100多起，有13家矿山、76家冶炼分离企业停产整改，有效遏制了稀土违法违规开采、生产的势头。
In recent years, China has launched special campaigns to regulate rare earth mining and production, effectively protecting and rationally utilizing rare earth resources in various ways. The state has tightened control of the total volume of rare earth mining and mandatorily planned quotas for rare earth production by means of satellite photography, video monitoring, regular inspection, monthly report system, special invoice checking, and opening phone lines to receive reports concerning violations of related laws and regulations. In pursuance of related laws concerning rare earths, China has cracked down on illegal rare earth mining and mining that exceeded quotas prescribed by the state, as well as on production activities of rare earth smelting and separation enterprises that were unplanned or exceeded the state-set quotas. China also has strengthened joint supervision in key rare earth production areas, investigated and punished rare earth enterprises that conducted mining and production in violation of laws and regulations, polluted the environment, caused wastes in resources, or did not have the necessary conditions to ensure production safety, and called to account those enterprises and individuals responsible for these violations in accordance with the law. The state has re-examined permits for rare earth prospecting and mining, and publicized a list of legitimate mining enterprises. It has also accelerated the formation of a long-term mechanism for regulating the market order and supervision of rare earth mining and production, advancing the merger and reorganization of rare earth enterprises, and phasing out outdated processes and capacities to realize large-scale and intensive production. By way of special rectification campaigns, more than 600 cases of illegal prospecting and mining were investigated and rectified, more than 100 cases were placed on file for further action, and 13 mines and 76 smelting and separation enterprises were ordered to cease production for rectification. In this way, the trend of illegal mining and production has been reversed.
中国政府高度重视稀土资源的综合利用。近年来，国家加强了离子型稀土矿山地质构造研究，积极推进绿色矿山和综合利用示范基地建设，开发绿色高效开采技术，大幅度提高稀土回收率，支持开发新型浮选药剂和选矿设备，提高稀土选矿回收率，开展贫矿和尾矿稀土回收工作。国家促进稀土元素的平衡利用，鼓励镧、铈等相对丰富轻稀土元素的应用研究，加快开发铕、铽、镝等稀缺重稀土元素的减量与替代技术。推进复杂难处理稀有稀土金属共生矿在选矿和冶炼过程中的综合回收利用，支持稀土矿中铌、钽、钍、锶、钾、萤石等伴生矿产回收利用。
中国大力支持发展循环经济，积极开展稀土二次资源回收再利用。鼓励开发稀土废旧物收集、处理、分离、提纯等方面的专用工艺、技术和设备，支持建立专业化稀土材料综合回收基地，对稀土火法冶金熔盐、炉渣、稀土永磁废料和废旧永磁电机、废镍氢电池、废稀土荧光灯、失效稀土催化剂、废弃稀土抛光粉以及其他含稀土的废弃元器件等二次稀土资源回收再利用。
The Chinese government has stressed the comprehensive utilization of rare earth resources. Over the past few years, the state has reinforced research into the geological structure of ion-absorption rare earth mines, advanced the building of "green" mines and comprehensive utilization demonstration bases, developed environmental-friendly and efficient mining technologies to increase the recovery rates of rare earths by a large margin, extended support to the development of new flotation reagents and ore-dressing equipment to raise the dressing recovery rates of rare earths, and worked to recover lean ores and tailings. China promotes balanced utilization of rare earth elements, encourages research into the application of light rare earth elements, such as lanthanum and cerium, whose reserves are relatively abundant, and expedites the development of technology for reducing or providing substitutes for the use of scarce heavy rare earth elements, such as europium, terbium and dysprosium. The state also fosters the comprehensive recycling of paragenetic ores of scarce rare earths that are difficult to recover during the process of ore dressing and smelting, and encourages the recycling of rare earth associated ores, including niobium, tantalum, thorium, strontium, potassium and fluorite.
China gives great support to the development of the circular economy in this field, and works hard for the recovery and utilization of secondary rare earth resources. The state encourages the development of special processes, technologies and equipment for the collection, processing, separation and refining of rare earth wastes, supports the building of specialized bases for the recovery and utilization of secondary rare earth resources, including molten salts after pyrometallurgy, slag, waste permanent magnet materials and motors, waste NiMH batteries, waste fluorescent lamps, dead catalysts, used polishing powder, and other waste electronic components containing rare earth elements.
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