——轻稀土矿伴生的放射性元素对环境影响大。轻稀土矿大多可规模化工业性开采，但钍等放射性元素处理难度较大，在开采和冶炼分离过程中需重视对人类健康和生态环境的影响。
——离子型中重稀土矿赋存条件差。离子型稀土矿中稀土元素呈离子态吸附于土壤之中，分布散、丰度低，规模化工业性开采难度大。
- The associated radioactive elements of light rare earth minerals pose major problems for the environment. Most of China's light rare earth deposits ores can be industrially mined, but thorium (Th) and other radioactive elements are difficult to treat, and therefore great attention must be paid to its impact on people's health and the ecology when they are mined, smelted and separated.
- Ion-absorption middle and heavy rare earth ores have poor occurrence conditions. In ion-absorbed-type rare earth deposits, the rare earth elements are absorbed in the soil in the form of ions, making it difficult for industrial exploitation due to sparse distribution and low abundance rate.
20世纪70年代末实行改革开放以来，中国稀土工业迅速发展。稀土开采、冶炼和应用技术研发取得较大进步，产业规模不断扩大，基本满足了国民经济和社会发展的需要。
——形成完整的工业体系。中国已形成内蒙古包头、四川凉山轻稀土和以江西赣州为代表的南方五省中重稀土三大生产基地，具有完整的采选、冶炼、分离技术以及装备制造、材料加工和应用工业体系，可以生产400多个品种、1000多个规格的稀土产品。2011年，中国稀土冶炼产品产量为9.69万吨，占世界总产量的90%以上。
Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policies in the late 1970s, China's rare earth industry has seen rapid development. Major progress has been made in the research and development of relevant mining, smelting and utilizing technologies, and the increasing expansion of the industrial scale has basically satisfied the needs of the nation's economic growth and social development.
- A complete industrial system has been achieved. China has developed three major rare earth production areas, i.e., the light rare earth production areas in Baotou of Inner Mongolia and Liangshan of Sichuan, and middle and heavy rare earth production areas in the five southern provinces centering around Ganzhou of Jiangxi Province. With a complete industrial system armed with mining, dressing, smelting and separating technologies and incorporating equipment manufacturing, material processing and end-product utilization, China can produce over 400 varieties of rare earth products in more than 1,000 specifications. In 2011, China produced 96,900 tonnes of rare earth smelting separation products, accounting for more than 90 percent of the world's total output.
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