日本最早记载钓鱼岛的文献为1785年林子平所著《三国通览图说》的附图“琉球三省并三十六岛之图”，该图将钓鱼岛列在琉球三十六岛之外，并与中国大陆绘成同色，意指钓鱼岛为中国领土的一部分。
1809年法国地理学家皮耶·拉比等绘《东中国海沿岸各国图》，将钓鱼岛、黄尾屿、赤尾屿绘成与台湾岛相同的颜色。1811年英国出版的《最新中国地图》、1859年美国出版的《柯顿的中国》、1877年英国海军编制的《中国东海沿海自香港至辽东湾海图》等地图，都将钓鱼岛列入中国版图。
二、日本窃取钓鱼岛
The book Illustrated Outline of the Three Countries written by Hayashi Shihei in 1785 was the earliest Japanese literature to mention Diaoyu Dao. The Map of the Three Provinces and 36 Islands of Ryukyu in the book put Diaoyu Dao as being apart from the 36 islands of Ryukyu and colored it the same as the mainland of China, indicating that Diaoyu Dao was part of China's territory.
The Map of East China Sea Littoral States created by the French cartographer Pierre Lapie and others in 1809 colored Diaoyu Dao, Huangwei Yu, Chiwei Yu and the Taiwan Island as the same. Maps such as A New Map of China from the Latest Authorities published in Britain in 1811, Colton's China published in the United States in 1859, and A Map of China's East Coast: Hongkong to Gulf of Liao-Tung compiled by the British Navy in 1877 all marked Diaoyu Dao as part of China's territory.
II. Japan Grabbed Diaoyu Dao from China
日本在明治维新以后加快对外侵略扩张。1879年，日本吞并琉球并改称冲绳县。此后不久，日本便密谋侵占钓鱼岛，并于甲午战争末期将钓鱼岛秘密“编入”版图。随后，日本又迫使中国签订不平等的《马关条约》，割让台湾全岛及包括钓鱼岛在内的所有附属各岛屿。
(一)日本密谋窃取钓鱼岛
1884年，有日本人声称首次登上钓鱼岛，发现该岛为“无人岛”。日本政府随即对钓鱼岛开展秘密调查，并试图侵占。日本上述图谋引起中国的警觉。1885年9月6日(清光绪十一年七月二十八日)《申报》登载消息：“台湾东北边之海岛，近有日本人悬日旗于其上，大有占据之势。”由于顾忌中国的反应，日本政府未敢轻举妄动。
Japan accelerated its invasion and external expansion after the Meiji Restoration. Japan seized Ryukyu in 1879 and changed its name to Okinawa Prefecture. Soon after that, Japan began to act covertly to invade and occupy Diaoyu Dao and secretly "included" Diaoyu Dao in its territory at the end of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. Japan then forced China to sign the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki and cede to Japan the island of Formosa (Taiwan), together with Diaoyu Dao and all other islands appertaining or belonging to the said island of Formosa.
1. Japan's covert moves to seize Diaoyu Dao
In 1884, a Japanese man claimed that he first landed on Diaoyu Dao and found the island to be uninhabited. The Japanese government then dispatched secret facts-finding missions to Diaoyu Dao and attempted to invade and occupy the island. The above-mentioned plots by Japan triggered China's alert. On September 6, 1885 (the 28th day of the 7th month in the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the Chinese newspaper Shen-pao (Shanghai News) reported: "Recently, Japanese flags have been seen on the islands northeast to Taiwan, revealing Japan's intention to occupy these islands." But the Japanese government did not dare to take any further action for fear of reaction from China.
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