拓展律师发挥作用的空间。中国借鉴国际上建立公职律师和公司律师制度的经验，2002年以来，国家推行公职律师和公司律师试点，为政府决策和公司重大经营提供法律意见，进一步完善了社会律师（包括专职律师和兼职律师）、公职律师、公司律师共同发展的律师队伍结构。2007年修订的律师法完善了律师事务所组织形式，允许个人开办律师事务所，形成国资律师事务所、合伙律师事务所和个人律师事务所共同发展的格局。截至2011年底，中国有律师事务所1.82万家，与2008年相比，增长31.6%，其中合伙律师事务所1.35万家，国资律师事务所1325家，个人律师事务所3369家；共有律师21.5万人，其中，专职律师占89.6%，兼职律师占4.5%，公司律师、公职律师、法律援助律师和军队律师占5.9%。2011年，全国律师共担任法律顾问39.2万家，与2008年相比，增长24.6%；办理诉讼案件231.5万多件，与2008年相比，增长17.7%；办理非诉讼法律事务62.5万多件，与2008年相比，增长17%；承办法律援助案件近84.5万件，与2008年相比，增长54.5%。
The graphics shows composition of lawyers in China in 2011, according to China's white paper on judicial reform published by the Information Office of the State Council on Oct. 9, 2012.
(Chart 1. Composition of Lawyers in China, 2011)
Expanding space in which lawyers play their role. China has borrowed international experience in establishing the systems of public defenders and corporate lawyers. Since 2002, the country has trial-established the systems to provide legal counsel for government decision-making and major corporate operations, thus improving the structure of the law business that is composed of public defenders, corporate lawyers as well as lawyers in the common sense (including full-time and part-time ones). The Lawyers Law, revised in 2007, improves the organizational form of law firms, allowing individuals to open law firms. Thus, a setup of state-funded, partnership and individually owned law firms has been established. By the end of 2011, China had had 18,200 law firms, an increase of 31.6% compared with 2008. Among them, 13,500 were partnerships, 1,325 state-funded ones and 3,369 individually owned ones. There had been more than 210,000 lawyers, of whom full-time lawyers accounted for 89.6%, part-time ones made up 4.5%, while the rest were corporate lawyers, public defenders, legal-assistance lawyers and military lawyers. In 2011, China's lawyers acted as legal counselors for 392,000 clients, an increase of 24.6% compared with 2008; they handled 2.315 million litigation cases, 625,000 non-litigation cases and 845,000 legal-assistance cases, up by 17.7%, 17% and 54.5% respectively as compared with 2008.
改革完善司法经费保障体制。在2008年启动的新一轮司法体制改革中，明确提出建立“分类负担、收支脱钩、全额保障”的司法机关经费保障体制。中央和省级政府加大对司法机关的经费投入，确保各级司法机关的经费由财政全额保障，大大提高了基层司法机关的履职能力。司法机关依法收取的诉讼费和罚没收入全部上缴国库，做到收支脱钩、罚缴分离，遏制因利益驱动而乱收滥罚的现象。国家还制定了司法机关基础设施建设标准和装备配备指导标准，改善办公、办案条件，提高信息化、科技化水平，为提升司法能力提供扎实的物质保障。
五、践行司法为民
The graphics shows cases undertaken by lawyers from 2008 to 2011, according to China's white paper on judicial reform published by the Information Office of the State Council on Oct. 9, 2012.
(Chart 2. Cases Undertaken by Lawyers from 2008 to 2011)
Reforming the funding guarantee system for judicial organs. China initiated a new round of judicial reform in 2008, clearly proposing that a funding guarantee system for judicial organs will be established, featuring "funding by category, separate management of income and expenditure, and full-sum coverage." The central and provincial governments have increased their funding for judicial organs, ensuring full-sum coverage for the expenses of judicial organs at all levels, resulting in great improvement in the performance capacity of grassroots judicial organs. Litigation fees collected by judicial organs in accordance with the law and revenues from fines and confiscations are all turned over to the national treasury to ensure the separation between income and expenditure as well as between penalty decisions and penalty payments, so as to halt wanton collection of fees and fines that are driven by the hunger for economic gains. The state has also formulated standards for the construction of basic facilities and equipment for judicial organs to improve their working conditions and information and technological levels, providing concrete guarantees for enhancing judicial capabilities.
V. Judicial Power Serving the People
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