二、维护社会公平正义
维护社会公平正义，是司法改革的价值取向。中国从完善司法机构设置和职权配置、规范司法行为、完善诉讼程序、强化司法民主和法律监督方面进行改革，努力提高司法机关维护社会公平正义的能力。
（一）优化司法职权配置
II. Maintaining Social Fairness and Justice
Maintaining social fairness and justice is the value to be enforced in China's judicial reform. China aims its judicial reform at strengthening its judicial organs' capability in maintaining social justice by optimizing the structure of the judicial organs and allocation of their functions and power, standardizing judicial acts, improving judicial proceedings, and enhancing judicial democracy and legal supervision.
1. Optimizing the Allocation of Judicial Functions and Power
司法职权配置的合理与优化，直接关系到司法公正的实现。中国从解决影响司法公正的体制性障碍出发，加强司法机关内部机构制约，理顺上下级法院、检察院的审判、检察业务关系，规范完善再审程序，建立统一的执行工作体制和司法鉴定管理体制。这些改革提高了司法机关公正司法的能力，有助于维护社会公平正义，满足民众对司法公正的新期待、新要求。
法院实行立案、审判、执行分立。各级人民法院在原有的刑事审判庭、民事审判庭、行政审判庭的基础上增设立案庭、执行局等机构，立案、审判和执行分别由不同的机构负责，强化内设机构职权行使的相互制约，促进了审判权、执行权的公正行使。
The rationalization and optimization of judicial functions and power has a direct bearing on the materialization of justice. China, starting from removing the institutional barriers that affect judicial impartiality, has enhanced internal checks in judicial organs, clarified the work relationship between the people's courts and the people's procuratorates at different levels, standardized and improved retrial procedures, and established consistent law-enforcement system and judicial authentication management system. These reforms have improved judicial organs' capacity for maintaining fairness, helped to safeguard social equity and justice, and fulfilled the public's new expectations and demands for the judicial system in maintaining justice.
Separation of filing, trial and execution of cases. The people's courts at all levels have established case-filing tribunals, execution bureaus and other departments in addition to the original criminal, civil and administrative adjudication tribunals. Case-filing, trial and execution are handled separately by different offices, which act independently and exercise a mutual-check function to ensure the fair exercise of adjudicative and execution power.
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