——改善城镇居民生活用能条件。加强城镇电网改造和升级，提高供电质量和可靠性。做好电力供应保障，优先确保居民生活用电。加快发展天然气，建设和完善城市供气管网，让更多的居民用上天然气。在北方采暖城市，因地制宜发展热电联产机组，进一步改善居民供暖条件。
七、加快推进能源科技进步
改革开放以来，中国能源科技水平有了显著提高，能源科技进步在促进节能减排、优化能源结构、保证能源安全方面发挥了重要作用。但与发达国家相比，中国能源科技水平仍存在较大差距，自主创新的基础比较薄弱，核心和关键技术落后于世界先进水平，一些关键技术和装备依赖于国外引进。中国将更加重视科技创新，加快建设和完善适合中国特点的、产学研一体化的能源科技创新体系。2011年，中国发布《国家能源科技“十二五”规划》。这一首部能源科技专项规划，确定了勘探与开采、加工与转化、发电与输配电、新能源等四大重点技术领域，全面部署建设“重大技术研究、重大技术装备、重大示范工程及技术创新平台”四位一体的国家能源科技创新体系。
-- Improving energy conditions in urban areas. The Chinese government will upgrade the urban grids to raise the quality and reliability of power supply in urban areas. It guarantees urban power supply, especially household electricity consumption. The state accelerates natural gas development. Natural gas supply networks will be built or improved in cities so that more urban residents will gain access to natural gas. In northern cities, where the district heating system is applied, the government will develop co-generation units based on local conditions to improve the heating quality.
VII. Accelerating Progress of Energy Technology
China's energy technology has developed rapidly since the country launched the reform and opening-up program in late 1978, and has played an increasingly significant role in energy conservation, emission reduction, energy structure optimization and energy security. However, China still lags behind the developed countries in this field, particularly marked by its flimsy basis for independent innovation, backwardness in core technology, and dependence on imports for some key technologies and equipment. Therefore, the Chinese government will attach more importance to technological innovation. It will establish and complete at full speed an energy technology innovation system that suits China's reality, and combines efforts of enterprises, colleges and research institutes. The National Energy Technology Program During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, issued in 2011 as China's first scheme to improve its energy technology, has outlined the four key aspects of China's energy technology, namely, exploration and exploitation; processing and conversion; power generation, transmission and distribution; and new energy. The program also contains an overall plan to build a national energy technology innovation system that integrates research into key technology, manufacturing of key equipment, key demonstration projects and a technological innovation platform.
——加强能源科学技术研发。在地质、材料、环境、能源动力和信息与控制等基础科学领域，超前部署一批对能源发展具有战略先导性作用的前沿技术攻关项目，争取在能源基础科学研究领域取得突破。依托行业骨干企业和科研院所，以应用为导向，鼓励开展煤矿高效集约开采、非常规油气资源勘探开发、高效清洁发电、海上风电、太阳能热发电、先进油气储运、大容量高效率远距离输电等先进适用技术研发应用。继续实施“大型油气田及煤层气开发”、“大型先进压水堆及高温气冷堆核电站”两个国家科技重大专项，推进关键技术创新，增强能源领域原始创新、集成创新和引进消化吸收再创新能力。
——推进能源装备技术进步。依托重大技术装备工程，加强技术攻关，完善综合配套，建立健全能源装备标准、检测和认证体系，提高重大能源装备设计、制造和系统集成能力。进一步完善政策支持体系，重点推进大功率高参数超超临界机组、燃气轮机、三代核电、可再生能源发电机组、非常规油气资源勘探开发等关键设备技术进步，积极推广应用先进技术装备。加强对能源装备产业的规划引导，防止低水平重复建设。
-- Reinforcing energy technology R&D. China will launch a series of strategic and advanced research projects on frontier technologies in basic sciences like geology, materials, environmental studies, power and energy, and information and control, with the aim of making breakthroughs in basic energy sciences. The Chinese government encourages major enterprises and research institutes in the industry to carry out studies in advanced and adaptive technologies, and put them into practical use, like high-efficiency and intensive coal mining technology, exploration and development technology of unconventional oil and gas resources, high-efficiency clean technology, offshore wind power technology, solar thermal power technology, advanced oil and gas storage and transportation technology, and high-capacity, high-efficiency and long-distance power transmission technology. China will press on with the two national high-tech programs -- "large oil-gas fields and coal-bed gas development," and "large and advanced pressurized-water reactor and high temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power stations" -- to facilitate key technological innovations, and enhance the innovation abilities, including "original innovation," "integrated innovation" and "secondary innovation" in the energy sector.
-- Promoting progress of energy equipment technology. Based on major technological equipment projects, China strives to make technological breakthroughs, improve supporting facilities, set up and enforce technical standards for energy equipment, establish a complete testing and certification system, and raise its ability for energy equipment design, manufacturing and system integration. China will further enhance the supporting policy system, boost the technological advance of key equipment, such as high-capacity, high-parameter and ultra-supercritical generating units, gas turbines, third-generation nuclear power, renewable energy generating units, exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources, and spreading the application of state-of-the-art equipment. The government will also strengthen planning and guidance for the energy equipment manufacturing industry to prevent redundant construction.
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