——促进清洁能源分布式利用。中国坚持“自用为主、富余上网、因地制宜、有序推进”的原则，积极发展分布式能源。在能源负荷中心，加快建设天然气分布式能源系统。以城市、工业园区等能源消费中心为重点，大力推进分布式可再生能源技术应用。因地制宜在农村、林区、海岛推进分布式可再生能源建设。制定分布式能源标准，完善分布式能源上网电价形成机制和政策，努力实现分布式发电直供及无歧视、无障碍接入电网。“十二五”期间建设1000个左右天然气分布式能源项目，以及10个左右各类典型特征的分布式能源示范区域。
五、推动化石能源清洁发展
从世界范围看，今后相当长时期内，煤炭、石油等化石能源仍将是能源供应的主体，中国也不例外。中国统筹化石能源开发利用与环境保护，加快建设先进生产能力，淘汰落后产能，大力推动化石能源清洁发展，保护生态环境，应对气候变化，实现节能减排。
-- Promoting distributed utilization of clean energy. China will energetically develop distributed energy resources on the principle of "giving priority to local supply, feeding the surplus into the grid, development based on local conditions, and advancing in an orderly way." It will accelerate the construction of distributed energy systems (DES) for natural gas at energy load centers. It will energetically spread the technology of distributed renewable energy, especially in high energy-consumption centers, including cities and industrial parks. It will carry out distributed renewable energy construction in rural areas, forest regions and islands in accordance with local conditions. Efforts will be made to set standards for distributed energy, and improve the formation mechanism and polices for on-grid price. Hard work will be done to realize direct supply, and non-discriminatory and barrier-free connection to the grid of power generated in the distributed manner. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, China will construct about 1,000 projects of natural gas DES, and ten distributed energy demonstration areas with various typical characteristics.
V. Promoting Clean Development of Fossil Energy
Worldwide, fossil energy, including coal and oil, will continue to play a dominant role in energy supply for a long time to come. China is no exception. Therefore, China will continue to plan fossil exploitation and utilization, with environmental protection taken into account. It will speed up the construction of advanced production capacity, eliminate outdated capacity, push forward the clean development of fossil energy, protect the ecological environment and cope with climate change, so as to attain the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.
——安全高效开发煤炭。中国煤炭工业坚持科学布局、集约开发、安全生产、高效利用、保护环境的发展方针。按照控制东部、稳定中部、发展西部的原则，推进陕北、黄陇、神东等14个大型煤炭基地建设。实施煤炭资源整合和煤矿企业兼并重组，发展大型煤炭企业集团。优先建设大型现代化露天煤矿和特大型矿井。实施煤矿升级改造和淘汰落后产能，提高采煤机械化程度和安全生产水平。大力发展矿区循环经济，加大煤炭洗选比重，合理开发煤炭共伴生资源。按照能源密集、技术密集、资金密集、长产业链、高附加值的发展导向，有序建设煤炭深加工升级示范工程。鼓励建设低热值煤炭清洁利用和加工转化项目。加强煤炭矿区环境保护和生态建设，做好采煤沉陷区和影响区的生态综合治理、土地复垦等工作。
——清洁高效发展火电。中国坚持低碳、清洁、高效的原则，大力发展绿色火电。鼓励煤电一体化开发，稳步推进大型煤电基地建设。积极应用超临界、超超临界等先进发电技术，建设清洁高效燃煤机组和节能环保电厂。继续淘汰能耗高、污染重的小火电机组。严格控制燃煤电厂污染物排放，新建煤电机组同步安装除尘、脱硫、脱硝设施，加快既有电厂烟气除尘、脱硫、脱硝改造。鼓励在大中型城市和工业园区等热负荷集中的地区建设热电联产机组。在条件适宜的地区，合理建设燃气蒸汽联合循环调峰机组，积极推广天然气热电冷联供。严格控制在环渤海、长三角、珠三角地区新增除“上大压小”和热电联产之外的燃煤机组。加强火电厂节水技术的推广应用。开展整体煤气化联合循环发电，以及碳捕捉与利用封存等技术应用示范项目。
-- Developing the coal industry in a safe and highly efficient way. China sticks to the guideline of "scientific overall arrangement, intensive development, safe production, efficient utilization and environmental protection" in the development of the coal industry. Following the principle of "enforcing control in the eastern regions, maintaining stability in the central regions, and promoting development in the western regions," it will push ahead with the building of 14 large coal-mining bases, including the Shaanbei, Huanglong and Shendong coalfields. By means of integration of coal resources, and merger and reorganization of coal mining enterprises, the country will bring into being large coal mining conglomerates. Priority will be given to the development of large open-pit and super-large coal mines. It aims to enhance overall mechanization and safe production in coal mining through upgrading and reconstruction, and elimination of outdated production capacity. Vigorous efforts will be made to develop a circular economy in the mining areas, increase the washing and dressing rate of raw coal, and rationally develop associated resources. Following the approach of energy, technology and capital-intensive development with extensive industrial chain and high added value, the country will develop demonstration projects of upgraded downstream products in an orderly way. It will encourage the construction of projects for clean production, utilization, processing and conversion of low-calorific-value coal. It will strengthen environmental protection and ecological construction in the mining areas by way of comprehensive ecological management and land reclamation in mining-subsidence and other areas affected by coal-mining operations.
-- Spurring clean and highly efficient development of thermal power. Upholding the principle of low-carbon, clean and efficient development, China actively promotes green thermal power generation. It encourages coal-electricity integration, and steadily pushes forward the construction of large coal-fired power bases. It vigorously applies advanced technologies, including supercritical and ultra-supercritical power generation, in the construction of clean, highly efficient and environment-friendly coal-fired power generating sets and energy-saving power plants. It speeds up the elimination of small thermal power units marked by high energy consumption and heavy pollution. In order to strictly control pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants, newly built coal-fired power generating sets must install dust-removing, desulfurization and denitration facilities, and the existing plants are asked to speed up their dust removal, desulfurization and denitration upgrading. It encourages the construction of thermoelectricity co-generation units in large- and medium-sized cities and industrial parks where thermal loads are relatively concentrated. It constructs combined-cycle gas-steam peak-load units and promotes heat-electricity-cooling co-generation with natural gas as fuel in accordance with local conditions. It has imposed strict restrictions on the construction of new coal-fired power generating sets in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta areas, except those built for the purpose of "constructing large units and restricting small ones" and co-generation. Intensified efforts have been made to spread water-saving technology in thermal power plants. It develops the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation, and demonstration projects of carbon capture, utilization and storage.
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