三、全面推进能源节约
中国人口众多、资源相对不足，要实现能源资源永续利用和经济社会可持续发展，必须走节约能源的道路。
中国始终把节约能源放在优先位置。早在20世纪80年代初，国家就提出了“开发与节约并举，把节约放在首位”的发展方针。2006年，中国政府发布《关于加强节能工作的决定》。2007年，发布《节能减排综合性工作方案》，全面部署了工业、建筑、交通等重点领域节能工作。实施“十大节能工程”，推动燃煤工业锅炉(窑炉)改造、余热余压利用、电机系统节能、建筑节能、绿色照明、政府机构节能，形成3.4亿吨标准煤的节能能力。开展“千家企业节能行动”，重点企业生产综合能耗等指标大幅下降，节约能源1.5亿吨标准煤。“十一五”期间，单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%。
III. All-round Promotion of Energy Conservation
China is a country with a large population but relevant deficiency in resources. To attain sustainable use of energy resources and sustainable economic and social development, it must take the path of conserving energy.
China always puts energy conservation in the first place. In the early 1980s, it put forward the development policy of "stressing both development and saving, with priority given to saving." The Chinese government issued the Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Energy Conservation in 2006. It issued the Comprehensive Work Plan on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in 2007, making an all-round plan for the major sectors of energy consumption, such as industry, construction and transportation. China carried out ten key energy-conservation projects, including the innovation of coal-fueled industrial boilers (kilns), surplus heat and pressure utilization, energy saving in electrical motors, construction of energy-saving buildings, the green lighting project, and energy saving in government bodies, thus increasing its energy-conservation capacity to 340 million tons of standard coal. The Chinese government launched an energy conservation drive among 1,000 enterprises, resulting in a sharp decline in the comprehensive energy consumption index of key industries, and saving energy equivalent to 150 million tons of standard coal. China's energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped 19.1 percent during its 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010).
2011年，中国发布了《“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案》，提出“十二五”期间节能减排的主要目标和重点工作，把降低能源强度、减少主要污染物排放总量、合理控制能源消费总量工作有机结合起来，形成“倒逼机制”，推动经济结构战略性调整，优化产业结构和布局，强化工业、建筑、交通运输、公共机构以及城乡建设和消费领域用能管理，全面建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会。
——优化产业结构。中国坚持把调整产业结构作为节约能源的战略重点。严格控制低水平重复建设，加速淘汰高耗能、高排放落后产能。加快运用先进适用技术改造提升传统产业。提高加工贸易准入门槛，促进加工贸易转型升级。改善外贸结构，推动外贸发展从能源和劳动力密集型向资金和技术密集型转变。推动服务业大发展。培育发展战略性新兴产业，加快形成先导性、支柱性产业。
In 2011, the State Council released the Comprehensive Work Plan on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period. This plan proposed the major objectives and key actions in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction during this period. China aims to establish a "reverse coercion mechanism" through the dynamic integration of its efforts in lowering the intensity of energy consumption, reducing the total emissions of major pollutants, and rationally controlling total energy consumption. The "reverse coercion mechanism" helps promote the strategic restructuring of the economy, push forward the optimization of the industrial structure, and strengthen all aspects of energy utilization management in industry, construction, transportation, and public organizations, as well as in the fields of urban and rural construction and consumption, thus contributing to the building of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society.
-- Optimization of the industrial structure. The country puts the adjustment of the industrial structure in the key place of its energy conservation strategy. It exercises strict control over low-level duplicated construction, and eliminates industries with high consumption and high pollutant emission, and backward productivity. China expedites the transformation of its traditional industries with advanced and applicable technology. It raises the entry threshold for processing trade, and promotes its transformation and upgrading. It improves the structure of foreign trade, and transforms its energy- and labor-intensive development mode into a capital- and technology-intensive one. It pushes forward the development of the service trades, fosters and develops emerging industries of strategic importance, and speeds up the formation of pioneer and pillar industries.
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