作为世界第一大能源生产国，中国主要依靠自身力量发展能源，能源自给率始终保持在90%左右。中国能源的发展，不仅保障了国内经济社会发展，也对维护世界能源安全作出了重大贡献。今后一段时期，中国仍将处于工业化、城镇化加快发展阶段，能源需求会继续增长，能源供应保障任务更加艰巨。
——资源约束矛盾突出。中国人均能源资源拥有量在世界上处于较低水平，煤炭、石油和天然气的人均占有量仅为世界平均水平的67%、5.4%和7.5%。虽然近年来中国能源消费增长较快，但目前人均能源消费水平还比较低，仅为发达国家平均水平的三分之一。随着经济社会发展和人民生活水平的提高，未来能源消费还将大幅增长，资源约束不断加剧。
As the world's largest energy producer, China mainly relies on its own strength to develop energy, and its rate of self-sufficiency has reached around 90 percent. China's energy development not only guarantees domestic economic and social development, but also makes significant contributions to global energy security. For some time to come, China's industrialization and urbanization will continue to accelerate, and the demand for energy will go on increasing, and so its energy supply will confront increasingly tougher challenges.
-- Prominent resources restraint. China's per-capita average of energy resources is low by world standards. China's per-capita shares of coal, petroleum and natural gas account for 67 percent, 5.4 percent, and 7.5 percent of the world's averages, respectively. Although China has experienced rapid growth in energy consumption over the past few years, its per-capita energy consumption is still low - only one third of the average of developed countries. But as the economy and society progress and living standards improve, China's energy consumption will continue to rise sharply, and there will be a growing restraint on resources.
——能源效率有待提高。中国产业结构不合理，经济发展方式有待改进。中国单位国内生产总值能耗不仅远高于发达国家，也高于一些新兴工业化国家。能源密集型产业技术落后，第二产业特别是高耗能工业能源消耗比重过高，钢铁、有色、化工、建材四大高耗能行业用能占到全社会用能的40%左右。能源效率相对较低，单位增加值能耗较高。
——环境压力不断增大。化石能源特别是煤炭的大规模开发利用，对生态环境造成严重影响。大量耕地被占用和破坏，水资源污染严重，二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物和有害重金属排放量大，臭氧及细颗粒物(PM2.5)等污染加剧。未来相当长时期内，化石能源在中国能源结构中仍占主体地位，保护生态环境、应对气候变化的压力日益增大，迫切需要能源绿色转型。
-- Low energy efficiency. China's industrial structure is yet to be rationalized and the economic growth pattern to be improved. Energy consumption per unit of GDP is much higher than those of developed countries and some newly industrialized countries. Energy-intensive industries are backward in technology. The percentage of energy consumption by the secondary industries, especially the energy-intensive industrial sectors, is too high in the country's total. The energy consumption of four major energy-intensive industries - steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, and building materials - accounts for 40 percent of the national total. Low energy efficiency results in high energy consumption for every unit of GDP.
-- Increasing environmental pressure. Extensive development of fossil energy, particularly coal, has had a serious impact on the eco-environment. Large areas of arable land are taken up for other uses or even spoiled, water resources are seriously polluted, the discharge of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and toxic heavy metals remains high, and emissions of ozone and particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) are increasing. For a long time to come, fossil energy will continue to dominate the energy consumption mix, posing a growing challenge for protecting the environment and countering climate change. A more environment-friendly energy mix is urgently needed.
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