一、能源发展现状
改革开放以来，中国能源工业快速增长，实现了煤炭、电力、石油天然气、可再生能源和新能源的全面发展，为保障国民经济长期平稳较快发展和人民生活水平持续提高作出重要贡献。
——供应保障能力显著增强。2011年，中国一次能源生产总量达到31.8亿吨标准煤，居世界第一。其中，原煤产量35.2亿吨，原油产量稳定在2亿吨，成品油产量2.7亿吨。天然气产量快速增长，达到1031亿立方米。电力装机容量10.6亿千瓦，年发电量4.7万亿千瓦时。能源综合运输体系发展较快。石油管线长度超过7万公里，天然气主干管线长度达到4万公里。电网基本实现全国互联，330千伏及以上输电线路长度17.9万公里。国家石油储备一期项目建成，能源应急保障能力不断增强。
I. Current Energy Development
Since the reform and opening-up policy was introduced, China's energy industry has witnessed rapid growth, achieving comprehensive development of coal, electricity, petroleum, natural gas, and new and renewable energy resources, making important contributions to the long-term, steady and rapid growth of the national economy and the sustained improvement of living standards.
-- Remarkable enhancement of energy supply capability and security. In 2011, the output of primary energy equaled 3.18 billion tons of standard coal, ranking first in the world. Of this, raw coal reached 3.52 billion tons; crude oil, 200 million tons; and refined oil products, 270 million tons. The output of natural gas ballooned to 103.1 billion cu m. The installed electricity generating capacity reached 1.06 billion kw, and the annual output of electricity was 4.7 trillion kwh. A comprehensive energy transportation system has developed rapidly. The length of oil pipelines totaled more than 70,000 km, and the natural gas trunk lines exceeded 40,000 km. Electric power grids were linked up throughout the country, and electricity transmission lines of 330 kv or more totaled 179,000 km. The first phase of the national petroleum reserve project was completed, and the country's emergency energy-supply capability keeps improving.
——能源节约效果明显。中国大力推进能源节约。1981—2011年，中国能源消费以年均5.82%的增长，支撑了国民经济年均10%的增长。2006—2011年，万元国内生产总值能耗累计下降20.7%，实现节能7.1亿吨标准煤。实施锅炉改造、电机节能、建筑节能、绿色照明等一系列节能改造工程，主要高耗能产品的综合能耗与国际先进水平差距不断缩小，新建的有色、建材、石化等重化工业项目能源利用效率基本达到世界先进水平。淘汰落后小火电机组8000万千瓦，每年可由此节约原煤6000多万吨。2011年，全国火电供电煤耗较2006年降低37克标准煤/千瓦时，降幅达10%。
——非化石能源快速发展。中国积极发展新能源和可再生能源。2011年，全国水电装机容量达到2.3亿千瓦，居世界第一。已投运核电机组15台、装机容量1254万千瓦，在建机组26台、装机容量2924万千瓦，在建规模居世界首位。风电并网装机容量达到4700万千瓦，居世界第一。光伏发电增长强劲，装机容量达到300万千瓦。太阳能热水器集热面积超过2亿平方米。积极开展沼气、地热能、潮汐能等其他可再生能源推广应用。非化石能源占一次能源消费的比重达到8%，每年减排二氧化碳6亿吨以上。
-- Conspicuous achievements in energy conservation. China vigorously promotes energy conservation. During the 1981-2011 period, China's energy consumption increased by 5.82 percent annually, underpinning the 10 percent annual growth of the national economy. From 2006 to 2011, the energy consumption for every 10,000 yuan of GDP dropped by 20.7 percent, saving energy equivalent to 710 million tons of standard coal. The state implemented a series of energy-saving renovations, such as of boilers, electrical machinery, buildings and installation of green lighting products. The gap between the overall energy consumption of China's high energy-consuming products and the advanced international level is narrowing. The energy utilization efficiency of new projects in the heavy and chemical industries, such as non-ferrous metals, building materials and petrochemicals, is up to the world's advanced level. The country has eliminated small thermal power units with a total generating capacity of 80 million kw, saving more than 60 million tons of raw coal annually. In 2011, coal consumption of thermal power supply per kwh was 37 grams of standard coal lower than in 2006, a decrease of 10 percent.
-- Rapid development in non-fossil energy. China has made energetic efforts in developing new and renewable energy resources. In 2011, the installed generating capacity of hydropower reached 230 million kw, ranking first in the world. Fifteen nuclear power generating units were put into operation, with a total installed capacity of 12.54 million kw. Another 26 units, still under construction, were designed with a total installed capacity of 29.24 million kw, leading the world. The installed generating capacity of wind power connected with the country's power grids reached 47 million kw, ranking top in the world. Photovoltaic power generation also reported speedy growth, with a total installed capacity of 3 million kw. Solar water heating covered a total area of 200 million sq m. The state also expedites the use of biogas, geothermal energy, tidal energy and other renewable energy resources. Non-fossil energy accounted for 8 percent of the total primary energy consumption, which means an annual reduction of more than 600 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission.
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