英语高级口译笔试阅读部分比英语中级口译笔试阅读部分多一个问答题项目。该项目是大多数考生在六个部分中被扣分最多的一个项目。其难点在于一是考生要在半小时内回答十个问题,即平均一道题只能用3分钟时间解答;二是尽管文章中有现有的答案,但不能照抄原文,考生必须用自己的话回答。这样答题时不仅时间十分紧迫,而且还要找到答案后再遣词造句,那就难上加难了。从1995年至2008年春的笔试阅读问答题的难度均符合大纲规定的要求。以2003年9月的试题中问答题项目的三篇文章为例,第一篇的主题是美国猎头公司人才招聘工作目标的转移(Questions 1~3),第二篇的主题是纪念英国著名作家乔治·奥威尔(George Orwell)百年诞辰和当年在英国广播公司(BBC)的工作室“Room 101”重新装修问题的报道(Questions4~6),第三篇的主题是对利用高科技手段举行政治游行示威等活动的斯马特·莫布斯(Smart Mobs)及可能带来巨大影响的现象的介绍。历次考试所选文章均出自当年发行的英美各大报刊,题材相当广泛,其中大部分属于社会科学、自然科学、人文科学、生物科学等。各篇文章的主题虽不相同,但都有一定的新闻价值,除了因长度稍作删节外基本未改动。从解题的过程来看,根据做选择题的办法先找出文中答案并不难,关键是要用自己的话改写。依笔者所见,最简单快捷的办法就是考生可先将正确答案用笔在句子下面划上横线,然后依此为据进行改写。对一般细节题的改写可分两步:第一步是改变语态,可将主动语态改为被动语态;反之,则可将被动语态改为主动语态。第二步是用同义词或类似的词组、短语进行改换(见附录)。这样的回答基本上属于“脱胎换骨”,就不会因被认为照抄原文而扣分。
我们来分析2003年9月高级口译笔试阅读部分(问答题)第二篇文章第4题至第6题。该文是纪念英国著名作家乔治·奥威尔百年诞辰和英国广播公司当年对其工作室“room101”重新装修问题的报道。
4. Tell briefly what you know about room 101 and the novelist George Orwell.
这个问题的关键词是“room 101”和“George Orwell”。
第一段的第一句与第二句分别介绍了这个工作室与此人。考生可在这些句子下划线:
Room 101, the infamous “torture chamber" in George Orwell's novel 1984, is to be preserved as a work of art by the BBC.
Orwell, whose real name was Eric Blair, worked for the BBC's Eastern Service during the Second World War.
考生要想在此项目上获得高分就必须用自己的话来回答问题(in your own words),不可照抄原文。因此,最简便的方法就是根据划线部分进行改写:
Room 101 is the notorious "torture chamber" described in George Orwell's novel in 1984. The BBC is to keep or maintain it in an unchanged or perfect condition as a work of art.
Orwell was Eric Blair's pen name. During the World War Ⅱ, he got a job in the BBC's Eastern Service.
5. What does BBC plan to do in order to preserve room 101 as a work of art?
这个问题的关键词是“BBCplan to..”,考生可在第四段中找到答案:
The BBC plans to display whiteread's replica of room 101 in one of several new public spaces in the new-look Broadcasting House.
考生可将原文作如下改写:
The BBC makes a plan to put whiteread's exact copy of room 101 on show in an unoccupied place in the brand-new Broadcasting Building.
6. What do we learn from the passage about the controversial issue of the location of room 101?
这个问题的关键词是“controversial issue”,在第六段第四行开始处可找到答案:
Some experts ask if the BBC has got the right room. “Room 101 was at another BBC building--55 Portland Place", said Peter Davison, who has published two volumes of Orwell's works, letters and documents.
考生可将原文作如下改写:
Some specialists doubt whether the BBC has earned the exact room, Peter Davison, expert on the study of Orwell, thought that room 101 was at another BBC building, that was 55 Portland Place.
通常由于时间紧迫,每道题平均只能用时3分钟,所以答题长度应控制在一至三句内,只要说清问题即可,但要注意时态一般与原文一致。
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