又比如英语里“bank”—词,除了指“银行”以外,还有“堤防、河岸、库”(名词); “建筑、积累、堆积、到银行存钱、同银行往来……”(动词); 还可组成不少复合词。翻译时要正确理解原文,准确地找到相对应的词汇,避免望文生义,闹出“数据银行(库)”,“精子银行 (库)”之类不规范的说法。
英汉词汇意义有的可以完全对应,有的则只能部分对应。以下句子中划线英语单词就只能找到部分对应的汉字,也就是说把它同句子割裂开来,便无法判定其意。
a. He has taken USD 10,000.00 from our bank.(取走)
b. It will take us two days to have the work finished.(花费掉,用去)
c. She likes to take milk in the morning. (喝)
d. I'm easy to lake (catch) cold. (得)
e. We cannot take (understand, make out) his meaning. (理解、明白)
f. Don't take away that book. (拿、取走)
词义完全对应往往只限于专用名词、专业术语等,例如:
The House of Commons (英)下议院
The United Nations 联合国
Treasury Department (美)财政部
Bank of Communications 交通银行
The Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂
Trademark 商标
Income tax 所得税
Value-added tax 增值税
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