中国制定了民法通则，对民事商事活动应当遵循的基本规则作出规定，明确了民法的调整对象、基本原则以及民事主体、民事行为、民事权利和民事责任制度。随着市场经济的发展，中国陆续制定了合同法、物权法、农村土地承包法等法律，建立健全了债权制度和包括所有权、用益物权、担保物权的物权制度；制定了侵权责任法，完善了侵权责任制度；制定了婚姻法、收养法、继承法等法律，建立和完善了婚姻家庭制度；制定了涉外民事关系法律适用法，健全了涉外民事关系法律适用制度；制定了公司法、合伙企业法、个人独资企业法、商业银行法、证券投资基金法、农民专业合作社法等法律，建立健全了商事主体制度；制定了证券法、海商法、票据法、保险法等法律，建立健全了商事行为制度，中国的海上贸易、票据、保险、证券等市场经济活动制度逐步建立并迅速发展。
中国高度重视保护知识产权，颁布实施了专利法、商标法、著作权法和计算机软件保护条例、集成电路布图设计保护条例、著作权集体管理条例、信息网络传播权保护条例、植物新品种保护条例、知识产权海关保护条例、特殊标志管理条例、奥林匹克标志保护条例等以保护知识产权为主要内容的一大批法律法规。1982年制定的商标法是中国开始系统建立现代知识产权法律制度的重要标志，为进一步提高中国的知识产权保护水平，并适应加入世界贸易组织的需要，中国不断健全知识产权法律制度，先后多次对专利法、商标法、著作权法等法律法规进行修改，在立法原则、权利内容、保护标准、法律救济手段等方面，更加突出对促进科技进步与创新的法律保护。截至2010年底，中国累计授予各类专利389万多件；有效注册商标达460万多件，其中来自177个国家和地区的注册商标有67万多件。据不完全统计，2001年至2010年，各级版权行政管理部门共收缴侵权盗版复制品7.07亿件，行政处罚案件93000多起，移送司法机关的案件2500多件。
The state enacted the General Principles of the Civil Law, which establishes the basic principles that shall be followed in civil and commercial activities, and defines the target of regulation and basic principles of civil laws, as well as the systems concerning civil subjects, civil activities, civil rights and civil liability. With the development of the market economy, China gradually formulated the Contract Law, Property Law, Law on the Contracting of Rural Land and other laws, and established and improved the system of creditors' rights and the system of property rights including the proprietary rights, usufructuary rights and collateral rights; enacted the Tort Law and improved the tort responsibility system; promulgated the Marriage Law, Adoption Law, Succession Law and other laws and established and improved the marriage and family system; formulated the Law of the Application of Law in Foreign-related Civil Relations and improved the legal system of civil relations with foreigners; made the Company Law, Partnership Enterprise Law, Law on Individual Proprietorship Enterprises, Law on Commercial Banks, Law on Securities Investment Fund, Law on Specialized Farmers' Cooperatives, and other laws, and established and improved the system of business subjects. It also promulgated Securities Law, Maritime Code, Negotiable Instruments Law, Insurance Law and other laws, and established and improved the system of commercial activities. The systems of maritime trade, negotiable instruments, insurance, securities and other market economic activities gradually took form and quickly developed.
China attaches great importance to the protection of intellectual property rights, and has promulgated a large number of laws and regulations, including the Patent Law, Trademark Law, Copyright Law, Regulations on the Protection of Computer Software, Regulations on the Protection of Integrated Circuit Layout Design, Regulations on the Collective Administration of Copyright, Regulations on the Protection of the Right to Network Dissemination of Information, Regulations on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, Regulations on the Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Regulations on the Administration of Special Signs, Regulations on the Protection of Olympic Symbols, and other laws and regulations, centered on the protection of intellectual property rights. The promulgation of the Trademark Law in 1982 marked the beginning of China's systematic development of a modern legal system covering intellectual property rights. To further enhance the protection of intellectual property rights in China and meet the requirements for joining the WTO, China has been constantly improving the legal system of intellectual property rights, and has made a number of amendments to the Patent Law, Trademark Law, Copyright Law and other laws to highlight legal protection of the promotion of scientific and technological advancement and innovation from the perspectives of the principles of legislation, the contents of rights, the standard of protection and the means of legal remedy, among others. By the end of 2010, the state had approved over 3,890,000 patents of various types, and effectively registered over 4,600,000 trademarks, including 670,000 trademarks from 177 countries and regions. According to incomplete statistics, during the period 2001-2010 copyright administration organs at various levels confiscated 707 million pirated copies, delivered 93,000 administrative penalties and transferred 2,500 cases to judicial organs.
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