为了维护国家法制统一,促进法律体系科学和谐统一,中国各级立法机关先后多次开展法律法规清理工作。2009年以来,全国人大常委会、国务院、地方人大及其常委会集中开展了对法律法规的全面清理工作。全国人大常委会废止了8部法律和有关法律问题的决定,对59部法律作出修改;国务院废止了7部行政法规,对107部行政法规作出修改;地方人大及其常委会共废止地方性法规455部,修改地方性法规1417部,基本解决了法律法规中存在的明显不适应、不一致、不协调等问题。
新中国成立以来特别是改革开放30多年来,中国的立法工作取得了举世瞩目的成就。截至2011年8月底,中国已制定现行宪法和有效法律共240部、行政法规706部、地方性法规8600多部,涵盖社会关系各个方面的法律部门已经齐全,各个法律部门中基本的、主要的法律已经制定,相应的行政法规和地方性法规比较完备,法律体系内部总体做到科学和谐统一,中国特色社会主义法律体系已经形成。
To ensure a unified legal system and make it more scientific and consistent, legislative bodies at different levels sorted out laws and regulations on several occasions. From 2009, the NPC Standing Committee, the State Council, and local people's congresses and their standing committees started to sort out laws and regulations in an all-round way. The NPC Standing Committee annulled eight laws and decisions about legal issues, and revised 59 laws. The State Council annulled seven administrative regulations and revised 107 administrative regulations. Local people's congresses and their standing committees annulled 455 local regulations, and revised 1,417 local regulations. Such work has helped to solve the problem of incompatibility among laws and regulations.
Since New China was founded, and particularly since the policy of reform and opening up was introduced in 1978, China has made remarkable achievements in its legislation work. By the end of August 2011, the Chinese legislature had enacted 240 effective laws including the current Constitution, 706 administrative regulations, and over 8,600 local regulations. As a result, all legal branches have been set up, covering all aspects of social relations; basic and major laws of each branch have been made; related administrative regulations and local regulations are fairly complete; and the whole legal system is scientific and consistent. A socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics has been solidly put into place.
二、中国特色社会主义 法律体系的构成
中国特色社会主义法律体系,是以宪法为统帅,以法律为主干,以行政法规、地方性法规为重要组成部分,由宪法相关法、民法商法、行政法、经济法、社会法、刑法、诉讼与非诉讼程序法等多个法律部门组成的有机统一整体。
(一)中国特色社会主义法律体系的层次
II. Composition of the Socialist System of Laws with Chinese Characteristics
The socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics is an organic integration of the related laws of the Constitution, civil and commercial laws, administrative laws, economic laws, social laws, criminal laws, litigation and non-litigation procedural laws, and other legal branches, with the Constitution in the supreme place, the laws as the main body, and administrative and local regulations as the major components.
1. Tiers of the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics