Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) - a cytokine that influences growth hormone activity.
Integrins are the cell surface receptor molecules which match up with parts of the matrix protein ligands to allow adhesion of the cell to the matrix. The attachment of cells to matrix proteins also influences the cells behaviour, by the expression of genes. The integrins are a family of proteins, found doing the same job on all animal cells. Their importance in maintaining the structural integrity of cells led to the name integrins.
Intercalated ducts - ducts which carry saliva between the tubules and the striated ducts.
Interferon - a glycoprotein produced by cell s which mobilise the T lymphocytes to inhibit viruses and the growth of cancer cells.
Interleukins - a variety of compounds(about 20) that are produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and monocytes. They regulate the cell mediated response of the immune system. Interleukin-1 is involved in the triggering of the immune response, starting acute inflammation and maintaining chronic inflammation. Interleukin-2 is produced by helper T cells and induces proliferation of immune cells, both T and B. Interleukin-3 promotes the differentiation and proliferation of stem cells of the leucocyte family.Interleukin -6 produced by various cells including tumour cells and acts as a stimulant16 of plasma proteins and B and T cells. Interleukin -12 is produced by a range of cells. It activates T cells and natural killer cells. It promotes the response to a range of pathogens including HIV of Interleukin-2. It appears to be one of the most promising Interleukins for the control of viral, bacterial and protozoal infections.
Intermediate filaments - unlike microfilaments and microtubules, they are verystable. Instead of being stacked proteins, as in actin, intermediate filaments are built of interlocking proteins. A dense sheet of intermediate filaments strengthens the nucleus. Skin cells are filled with keratin, which at the last moment, just before they die. they cross link, to provide a really insoluble barrier layer of the skin. The cross linkage is between the sulphur atoms of cysteine, one of keratin's amino acids.
Interproximal wear - loss of enamel on the adjacent surfaces of teeth which is due to continual friction6 between the two surfaces as teeth move against each other.
Intratubular dentine - dentine formed inside the tubule by the odontoblast process in response to tooth wear, ageing or arrested caries.
Intrinsic fibres - refers to those fibres of cementum which were laid down by cementoblasts.
Ionised - the loss or gain of an electron from an atom which makes it no longer neutral but an electrically charged ion. If the electron leaves the atom it becomes a positively charged ion, such when calcium or sodium becomes ionised (Ca+, Na+). If the electron is gained, the atom becomes relatively negatively charged such as when chlorine or a phosphate group of atoms lose an electron (Cl-, PO4-). Ionized atoms or groups of atoms are more reactive than when they are neutral.
Ions - an atom or molecules which has a net electrical charge This may be caused by the temporary loss (positive ion) or gain (negative ion) of an electron. A calcium ion is written Ca+.
Ipsilateral - the same side as distinct from contralateral. Often used to refer to the teeth, joint or muscles on the same side as chewing is occurring.
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