诊有三常，必问贵贱，封君败伤，及欲侯王。故贵脱势，虽不中邪，精神内伤，身必败亡。始富后贫，虽不伤邪，皮焦筋屈，痿璧为挛。医不能严，不能动神，外为柔弱，乱至失常，病不能移，则医事不行，此治之四过也。
"In diagnosis, one must inquire in advance the three states of the noble or humble, rich or poor, happy or miserable of the patient. Such as, when a former prince or duke who has been dismissed from office and demoted, although he is not attacked by the outer evil, yet his spirit is injured already. His body will be harmed and he can even die.
"When a formerly rich man has become poor, although he has no injury of outer evil, yet his hair wil become withered, his muscle will be contractive and he will contract the disease of flaccidity of his feet. When treating this kind of disease, if the physician can not deal with it carefully to transform the patient's mental idea, but submits to the will of the patient and treats it in a perfunctory way, the disease can by no means be recovered, not to say to have any curative effect. This is the fourth fault in diagnosis and treating.
凡诊者，必知终始，有知余绪。切脉问名，当合男女，离绝菀结，忧恐喜怒，五藏空虚，血气离守，工不能知，何术之语，尝富[富”似应作“负”]大伤，斩筋绝脉，身体复行，令泽不息，故伤败结，留薄归阳，脓积寒炅，粗工治之，亟刺阴阳，身体解散，四支转筋，死日有期，医不能明，不同所发，唯言死日，亦为粗工，此治之五过也。
"In diagnosis, one must know the whole proccess of the development of the disease, and be able to know the end by inspecting the beginning. In the palpation and the inquiry, one must notice the difference of male and female.
"All the factors of separation between the loved ones in life or death,depression in sentiment, sorrow, terror, joy and anger can empty the five viscera causing them the inability of maintaining the energy and blood. If a physician does not know these things, how can he know what to do in treating?
"Such as a seriously wounded man, the nutrition to his muscle is almost severed, although his body can still move, yet his body fluid can no more be generated. So, his physique is ruined and his energy and blood which are stagnated inside can no more nourish the whole body through circulation as before. Since the old injury has not yet been recovered, the energy and blood retain inside, and finally join the Yang channel, they change into pus and the stagnated blood causing the alternate onset of cold and heat of man. The physician of lower level treats it with common method as he knows not the syndrome of cold and heat is caused by the pus and stagnated blood, he pricks the Yin and Yang channels again and again causing
the consumption of the channel-energy. When the channel energy of the patient being dissipated, the convulsion of the extremities will occur, and the patient will soon die. When a physician can not distinguish the disease, not caring the reason of the disease, but can only determine the date of the patient's death,he is also a physician of lower level. This is the fifth fault in diagnosis and treating.
凡此五者，皆受术不通，人事不明也。故日:圣人之治病也，必知天地阴阳，四时经纪[“经纪”疑应作“经络”]；五藏六府，雌雄表里;刺灸砭石，毒药所主:从容人事，以明经道，贵贱贫富，各异品理，问年少长，勇怯之理;审于分部，知病本始，八正九候，诊必副矣。
"The five faults stated above are due to the physician's inability of comprehending the medical skill what he learned, neither knows the noble or humble, rich or poor, and happy or miserable conditions of the patient.
"Therefore, for a cultivated physician, before he diagnoses and treating, he must know the relation between the Ying and Yang, heaven and earth , the four seasons, the channels and collaterals, the five solid organs and the six hollow organs, the female (the six Yins) and the male (the six Yangs), the pulse conditions of the superficies and interior, the main diseases that can be cured by acupuncture, moxibustion, stone needle and toxicant. He must be able to analogize the changes of human affairs so that he can handle the routine of diagnosis and treating. The patients are different in noble and humble, rich and poor, strong and weak in physiques,and loose and dense of striae of skin. One must analyse the bold and timid character of the patient and inspect the belongingness of the disease, so as to know the reason of the disease. Refer further to the eight solar terms of the year (the four equinoxes and the four solstices) and the conditions of the nine sub-parts of the pulse. In this way, the diagnosis and treating can certainly be precise.
治病之道，气内为宝，循求其理，求之不得，过在表里;守数据治，无失俞理，能行此术，终身不殆。不知俞理，五藏菀熟，痈发六府，诊病不审，是谓失常。谨守此治，与经相明。《上经》、《下经》，揆度阴阳，奇恒五中，决以明堂，审于终始，可以横行。
"In the way of treating, one must seek the reason of the evil and healthy energy-change through the operations of the Rong and Wei energies inside. If the reason can not be found, seek it from the relation between the superficies and interior.
In treating, the pricking depth must be in accordance with the more or less energy and blood of the patient and must not prick against the rule. If a physician can abide to the rule, he may make no medical mishap in his whole life.
"If the physician does not know the rule of acupuncture but prick the acupoint rashly, it will cause the five viscera to retain heat and the six bowels to have carbuncle and pyogenic infection. When one fails to treat the disease carefully, it is called the "deviation from routine"; when one abides to the routine and treats carefully ,it is in conformity to the medical classics.
"The books of the «Upper Classics» and the «Lower Classics» are discussing the principles of Yin, Yang, extraordinary and ordinary diseases. The diseases of the five viscera are manifested on the complexion. When inspecting, one must be shrewd and keen. When one can understand the beginning and the end of the disease by inspecting, his treating will be invincible."
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