咳论篇/Ke Lun
(On Cough)
黄帝问日:肺之令人咳何也?岐伯对日:五藏六府皆令人咳，非独肺也。帝日:愿闻其状。岐伯日:皮毛者肺之合也，皮毛受邪气[《伤寒明理论》引“邪”作“寒”]，邪气以从其合也。其寒饮食入胃，从肺脉上至[《太素》“至”作“注”]于肺，则肺寒[《太素》《伤寒明理论》引并无“则肺寒”三字]，肺寒则外内合邪，因而客之，则为肺咳。五藏各以其时受病，非其时，各传以与之。人与天地相參，故五藏各以治时，感于寒则受病，微则为咳，甚则为泄为痛。乘秋则[《太素》林校引全本无“乘秋则”三字]肺先受邪，乘春则肝先受之，乘夏则心先受之，乘至阴[《外台》《太平圣惠方》并引作“季夏”]则脾先受之，乘冬则肾先受之。
Yellow Emperor asked:"The lung can cause one cough, and why is it?"Qibo answered: "Not only the lung but all the five solid and six hollow organs can cause one cough."
Yellow Emperor said: "I hope you can tell me in detail. " Qibo said: "The skin and hair take charge of the superficies and they are in concert with the lung, when the skin and hair contract the cold-energy, the cold-energy will intrude into the lung. If one has drunken cold water, or has taken cold food, the cold-energy will enter into the stomach and ascend to the lung through the lung vessel and cause the lung to contract cold. In this way, the cold-evil inside and outside will be combined and retained in the lung, and cough will occur.
"As to the cough of the five solid organs and six hollow organs, they are the diseases affected in the season by which the five solid organs dominate respectively, they are not affected in the season by which the lung dominates, but are transfered from the diseases of the five solid organs.
"Man is corresponding to heaven and earth. When the five solid organs being affected by the cold-evil in their respective dominating seasons, one will contract disease. If the affection is slight, cough will occur; if the infection is severe, and the cold-energy has intruded into the interior, it will become diarrhea and abdominal pain.
"Generally speaking, the lung will be affected by evil first in autumn, the liver will be affected by evil first in spring, the heart will be affected by evil first in summer, the spleen will be affected by evil first in late summer, and the kidney will be affected by evil first in winter."
帝日:何以异之?岐伯曰:肺咳之状，咳而喘息有音，甚则唾血。心咳之状，咳则心痛，喉中介介如梗[《太素》、《外台》引“梗”并作“哽”]状，甚则咽肿喉痹。肝咳之状，咳则两胁[《千金》《外台》引“两胁”并作“左胁”]下痛，甚则不可以转[《千金》《外台》引并作“甚者不得转侧”]，转则两胀下满[《医心方》作“两脚下满”]。脾咳之状，咳则右胁下[《外台》引“胁”下无“下”字]下痛，阴阴引肩背，甚则不可以动，动则咳剧。肾咳之状，咳则腰背相引而痛，甚则咳涎，
Yellow Emperor asked: "Then, how to distinguish the different kinds of coughs?" Qibo said:"The symptoms of lung cough are: there is sound of respiration when one coughs, and spitting blood when the case is severe.
"The symptoms of heart cough are: one will be feeling heartache when coughs, feeling like something is obstructing in the throat, and the throat is swelling with pain and stagnation when the case is severe.
"The symptoms of liver cough are: pain in the left side of the thorax when one coughs, and he is unable to walk when the case is severe, if he walks, the two feet will be swelling.
"The symptoms of spleen cough are: pain in the right side of the thorax when one coughs, recessive pain attacking the shoulders and back, and he is unable to move when the case is severs, and the patient will cough as soon as he moves about.
"The symptoms of kidney cough are: pains of the loins and the back are affecting each other, and one will cough out mucus when the case is severe."
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