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在任何一种语言里,同一意思可以有多种表达形式。原文如此,译文亦如此。因此,汉译英时,表达手段和方式可以多种多样,同一原文由不问的译者处理,就可能有不同的版本。只要译文忠实原文的精神,且通顺流畅,符合英语表达习惯,原文特有的效果没有重大缺失,就是好的译文。
1)[原文]他抓紧一切时间练英语。
[译 文]He loses no time in practicing English.
[解析]采取正话反说的翻译方法,使译文更加符合英语表达习惯。
2)[原文]你已经不小了,可以自个儿出门了。
[译文]You are old enough to travel by yourself.
[解析]采取正话反说的翻译方法,并且将两个分句合并成一句,简单明了。
3)[原文]有些淘气的孩子爱打119电话骚扰。
[译文]Some naughty boys enjoy themselves by dialing to cry wolf.
[解析]将“骚扰”译为英语的习语cry wolf,既贴切又生动形象。
4)[原文]他走出好远之后才发现书丢了。
[译文]He bad gone some distance before he missed the book.
[解析]表面上看似乎将“之后”翻译成before,其实译文含义非常准确。
5)[原文]近年来,深圳和香港的交通运输发展迅速,为两个地区的经济和贸易合作提供了良好的基础。
[译 文-1]In recent years the transportation and communication of Shenzhen and Hongkong have quickly developed, providing a good foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two regions.
[译文-2]Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the transportation and conmunication in Shenzhen and Hong kong, which has prepared for good economic and trade cooperation between the two regions.
[译文-3]Shenzhen and Hong Kong, with the rapid development of their transportation and communication in recent years, have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation.
[译文-4]The rapid development of the transportation and communication of Shenzhen and Hong Kong in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two regions.
「解析]四种译文分别以transportation and communication, recent years, Shenzhen and Hong Kong 和 development做主语,其对应的谓语动词在选词、搭配、时态、单复数上虽有较大差异,但四种译文的主谓搭配得当,符合逻辑,既忠实原文含义,又符合英语表达习惯,行文流畅,通俗易懂,都是较好的译文。
文化的差异使得语言的表达方式各有不同。比如中文的俗语“一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳”表达的是由于受到过某次伤害而对类似的事情心有余悸。在英语里是“被烧伤过的孩子怕火”,法语里则是“被开水烫过的猫连冷水也怕”。在此情况下,只要符合上下文的语言环境,可以互相转换。
总之,翻译无定式,选择直译还是意译,要根据译文具体需要而定,如果直译可以完全表达意思,且通顺易懂,那么就直译;如果直译效果不好,无法等效,就要依靠意译的方式。只要译文内容忠实,语言通顺,意思明白,在交际功能上实现对等,不必拘泥于具体的翻译方法,也没有唯一的正确译法。
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