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在表达谓语的被动含义时,英语的句子往往采取了“助动词be +过去分词”的被动语态,从语言形式将主动和被动的含义区分得十分清楚,但在汉语中却很少使用被动结构。这是因为汉语是分析型的语言,表达被动含义首先借助词序手段。例如本课英译汉课文中的句子“Owner responsibility is exercised first and foremost at the general meeting and means an obligation to attend and exercise the voting rights attached to shares”,句中使用了被动语态,但在译文中我们选择了主动句: “股东大会上首先行使所有人职责,即所有人有权参加大会并行使股份赋予的投票 权”,这样更加自然流畅。
英语被动句的翻译一般有两种情况:
一、大多数情况下英语被动句译成含有“被动”意义的主动句形式,或者变受事者为施事者,或者增添泛指性的主语,或釆取其他表达方法。例如:
1. Western Europe's 10% jobless rate is expected io hit 12% by mid-1995.
西欧的失业率估计到1995年年中会达到12%,目前是10%。
2. It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means.
这件事必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以处理。
3. The attitude toward manual labor is seen in many aspects of Anerican life.
对待体力劳动的态度反映在美国人生活的许多方面。
4. Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world.
不过,我们在这里所讲的话,人们不会长久地记住。我们在这里所做的事却能改变世界。
5. These brokers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers for executing the orders.
这些经纪行按买家和卖家的吩咐进行交易,从中收取佣金。
6. Well, are you tempted after reading this advertisement?
怎么样,看了这则广告之后,你动心了吗?
7. Over the years 26 amendments have been added, but the basic document has not been changed.
自那以后共增加了26项修正案,但是基本文件始终未变。