3. 一个人有两个小孩儿。一次与人谈到，说

[原文] In the summering the children stayed with their grandmother.

[译文]眼下正放暑假，孩子们和袓母待在一起。

[讨论]in the summertime 夏天，夏季。

译文“眼下正放暑假”，不仅把“夏季”误译为“暑假”，而且把泛指误为特指。按原文，应是“每逢夏季”，而译文却是“眼下”仅指这一个夏天。下文便写到，当时并不是夏天，孩子和他住在一起，并未到祖母那里去，证明了译文是错误的。

[改译]每逢夏季，孩子便和他们袓母待在一起。

4. [原文] Few plays were put on in Warsaw during the summer but this particular vehicle, "Povolsky's Dilemma"，drew audiences even in the hottest weather.

[译文]今年夏天，华沙上演的戏很少，但是这一出“波伏尔斯基的困境”哪怕在最热的天气里也吸引观众。

[讨论] during the summer 在夏季。

应为“每年夏季”，而不是“今年夏季”。译文把泛指当成了特指。

在欧美，城市中的有钱人家每到夏季便要外出避暑，后文提到 “有钱的太太都到乡下避暑去了”，可以证明这一点。而大剧院的主要观众便是有钱的太太先生们，所以每逢夏季，剧院卖座不佳，或者干脆停演。而这种因主要观众下乡避暑引起的观众减少，决不是某一年特有的现象，而是历年如此，一贯如此。

[改译]华沙的夏天，很少有戏剧上演，伹这一出“波伏尔斯基的困境”却吸引了大量的观众，尽管是在最热的天气。

5. 一个人要在重要场合讲话，早早请人写了讲稿，并按稿背诵。

[原文]Early in the morning, he would get up and recite his speech aloud …Then, standing before the mirror, he would utter the speech again and look at his own gestures and the expression on his face. Perfection was what he was aiming at. Perfection! His wife seeing him thus would sinister!y smile.