On-line Real-time Systems

Real-time means immediately, now! Military leaders, scientists, top management very frequently require knowledge of current information, immediately, to make crucial time-sensitive decisions. Quite often it becomes imperative that dangerous or costly time-lags be eliminated. The time between the happpening of an important event and the discovery by executives that it has occurred is required to be insignificant to fulfil the concept of real-time. The cognizance of the event must be "in time" to control the conclusion of the event itself. More formal definitions of real-time are given below, as are the steps of the development of this capability by computer systems and the new advances in information technology. Action must be predicted presently on "occurring" changes rather than on tomorrow's predictions, yesterday's analyses, or last year's disasters. It has been estimated by many of the industry's leaders that by 1978 substantially all data-processing systems will be on-line real-time (OLRT). Cost analyses will most often be based on the question, "Can we afford not to have OLRT in our operations?"" Tomorrow's fierce international competition in science, business, military systems, and education force the quickened pace of progress.

联机实时系统

实时的意思是立即、现在！军事领导人、科学家、高级管理人员都极为经常地需要立即知道目前的情况，以作出对时间敏感的重要判定。常常必须避免带来危险的、代价高昂的时间上的延误。要实现实时这个概念，从重大事件的发生到执行人员发现这一事件已经发生之间的时间差必须是微不足道的。对于事件的观察必须及时，这样才能对事件本身的结局加以控制。下面对实时这一概念进行了更为正式的定义，也给出了由计算机系统来发展这种能力的步骤以及信息技术上的新进展。必须即刻对“正在发生着”的变化的作用进行预测，而不是要你去预测明天，或者去分析昨天或去年的灾难的后果。许多工业界的领导人已经估计到，到1978年，所有的数据处理系统大体上都将是联机实时（OLRT)系统。成本分析的根据往往是这样一个问题：“我们操作时如果没有OLRT能行吗？”将来在科学，商业、军事系统和教育方面极为激烈的国际竞争迫使我们加快前进的步伐。

Real-time is the necessary base for time-sharing systems (TSS), and time sharing makes real-time possible for every size and type of business firm, scientific or educational research unit. For, OLRT-TSS provides every individual the opportunity to originate, retrieve, or in innumerable ways to utilize data and information in "conversation mode" with multiple-direction flows whenever a response is required and in the quantum of time desired.

Because modern computers are too fast to serve only one person at a time, to make economic sense the control computer must be shared. Segments of computing time must be made available to many users.

实时是分时系统(TSS)的必要基础，而分时又能使实时为各种大小商号、科学研究与教育研究单位所使用。因为，OLRT-TSS给每一个人提供了这样的机会，即凡在需要作出而且还要在需要的时间限度内作出响应时，均可以与多方向流“进行会话的方式”首创、检索，或以多种多样的方式利用数据和信息。

因为现代计算机的运行速度快得能在同一时间内为不止一个人服务，因而，从经济上着想，控制计算机必须共同使用。必须使各分段计算时间都能为许多用户利用。