少数民族参政权得到保证。作为全国唯一三级自治地方（区、州、县）俱全的自治区，新疆设有5个自治州、6个自治县。自治地方的各级人民代表大会和人民政府行使管理本地区事务的权力，自治区主席、自治州州长、自治县县长均由实行区域自治的民族公民担任。1950年，新疆少数民族干部仅有约3000人，1955年增加到4.6万人。2016年，全区少数民族公务员已达91076人，占干部总数的40.24%。其中，少数民族妇女干部占全区妇女干部总数的66%以上。

　　基层民主权利得到保障和落实。修订并实施《新疆维吾尔自治区实施〈中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法〉办法》《新疆维吾尔自治区村民委员会选举办法》《新疆维吾尔自治区村务公开办法》，制定《关于进一步规范和加强社区工作的意见》和《关于加强乡镇政府服务能力建设的实施意见》，基层法制建设不断完善。基层群众自治制度更加健全，民主选举、民主管理、民主监督和事务公开制度日益完善。基层民主协商进一步制度化、规范化、程序化。

The right of ethnic minority groups to participate in public affairs is guaranteed. Xinjiang is the only autonomous region in China with all three levels of autonomous divisions (i.e., autonomous region, autonomous prefecture and autonomous county). It now has under its jurisdiction five autonomous prefectures and six autonomous counties. People's congresses and people's governments of these autonomous administrative divisions at different levels exercise the autonomous power to administer their local affairs. Chairperson of the autonomous region, governors of autonomous prefectures, and heads of autonomous counties are all citizens from the ethnic groups exercising regional autonomy of the said areas. In 1950, there were only about 3,000 ethnic minority officials in Xinjiang. By 1955, this figure had increased to 46,000. In 2016, the number of ethnic minority officials in the region's civil service reached 91,076, accounting for 40 percent of the region's total. Of them, women officials of ethnic minority origins accounted for more than 66 percent of the total of female officials in Xinjiang.

Community-level democratic rights are guaranteed and respected. The Measures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Implementing the Organic Law of the Villagers' Committees of the People's Republic of China, the Procedures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Election of the Villagers' Committee, and the Implementation Measures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Making Village Affairs Transparent have been revised and implemented. The Opinions on Regulating and Strengthening Community Work, and the Implementation Opinions on Building Stronger Service Capabilities for Town and Township Governments have been formulated. Steady improvement has been seen in the community-level legal framework. The system of community-level self-governance is being strengthened, while systems of democratic election, democratic management, democratic supervision, and publicity of affairs have kept improving. Well-defined systems, standards and procedures are being followed in community-level democratic consultation.