（三）冲击全球价值链

　　当前，全球经济已经深度一体化，各国充分发挥各自在技术、劳动力、资本等方面的比较优势，在全球经济中分工合作，形成运转高效的全球价值链，共同分享价值链创造的经济全球化红利。尤其是以跨国公司为代表的各国企业通过在全球范围内配置资源，最大限度降低了生产成本，提高了产品和服务质量，实现了企业之间、企业与消费者之间的共赢。

3. Impact on the global value chain

In a deeply integrated global economy, countries form a highly efficient global value chain and share in the dividends of economic globalization through division of labor by harnessing their respective strengths in technology, labor and capital. Companies, especially multinational ones, minimize their production costs and raise the quality of their products and services through global allocation of resources, thus achieving a win-win result for themselves and for consumers.

　　美国政府通过加征关税、高筑贸易壁垒等手段在世界范围内挑起贸易摩擦，以贴“卖国标签”、威胁加税等方式要求美资跨国公司回流美国，将严重破坏甚至割裂全球价值链，冲击全球范围内正常的产品贸易和资源配置，并通过各国经贸的相互关联，产生广泛的负面溢出效应，降低全球经济的运行效率。比如，汽车、电子、飞机等行业都依靠复杂而庞大的产业链支撑，日本、欧盟、韩国等供应链上的经济体都将受到贸易收缩的负面影响，并产生一连串的链式反应，即使美国国内的供应商也会在劫难逃。根据中国商务部测算，美国对华第一批340亿美元征税产品清单中，约有200多亿美元产品（占比约59%）是美、欧、日、韩等在华企业生产的。包括美国企业在内，全球产业链上的各国企业都将为美国政府的关税措施付出代价。

By raising tariffs and erecting trade barriers, the US administration has provoked trade frictions worldwide. US multinationals are being threatened with “traitor” labels and punitive taxes if they do not move their operations back to the US. Such moves will seriously undermine or even break the global value chain, and jeopardize the normal flows of trade and resource allocation across the world. And because of the interconnections between countries through trade and economic links, they will also produce extensive spillovers, and reduce the efficiency of the global economy. For example, sectors such as automobiles, electronics and aircraft are all supported by complex, massive industrial chains. Economies on the supply chain, including Japan, the EU and the ROK, would all be adversely affected by contracting trade. Even US suppliers would not be immune from the subsequent ripple effect. According to the estimates of the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, of the US$34 billion of Chinese products targeted by the first round of US tariff increases, over US$20 billion – nearly 59 percent of the value – are goods produced by companies from the US, the EU, Japan, the ROK and other economies operating in China. Ultimately, companies from all countries on the global industrial chain – including those from the US – would have to pay the price for tariff measures introduced by the US administration.

　　国际货币基金组织2018年4月17日发布的《世界经济展望》报告指出，关税和非关税贸易壁垒的增加将破坏全球价值链，减缓新技术的扩散，导致全球生产率和投资下降。彼得森国际经济研究所认为，若美国对中国施加贸易制裁并导致中国反制，许多向中国出口中间产品和原材料的国家与地区也将遭受严重冲击。

　　（四）贸易保护主义最终损害美国自身利益

　　在经济全球化的时代，各国经济你中有我、我中有你，特别是大型经济体存在紧密的相互联系。美国政府单方面挑起贸易战，不仅会对世界各国经济产生冲击，也会损害美国自身利益。

The “World Economic Outlook” report released by the IMF on April 17, 2018 noted that raising tariffs and non-tariff trade barriers will disrupt the global value chain, slow down the spread of new technologies, and lead to a drop in global productivity and investment. The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) argued that if the US imposes trade sanctions on China that prompt countermeasures, many countries and regions that export intermediate inputs and raw materials to China will also take a heavy hit. 

4. Trade protectionism will ultimately hurt US interests

Thanks to economic globalization, economies, particularly the larger ones, are highly interdependent. Ultimately, trade wars unilaterally initiated by the US administration will not only hurt other economies but also undermine US interests.