三、美国政府的贸易保护主义行为

　　美国存在大量扭曲市场竞争、阻碍公平贸易、割裂全球产业链的投资贸易限制政策和行为，有损以规则为基础的多边贸易体制，并严重影响中美经贸关系正常发展。

III. The trade protectionist practices of the US administration

The numerous investment and trade restriction policies and actions adopted by the US that distort market competition, hamper fair trade, and lead to breakdowns in global industrial chains are detrimental to the rules-based multilateral trading system and severely affect the normal development of China-US economic and trade relations.

　　（一）歧视他国产品

　　美国大量监管政策违反公平竞争原则，歧视他国产品，具有明显的利己主义和保护主义倾向。美国通过立法直接或间接限制购买其他国家产品，使他国企业在美遭受不公平待遇，中国企业是其中的主要受害者。

　　美国产品市场的公平竞争环境不如多数发达国家，甚至逊于一些发展中国家。根据经合组织发布的2013年“产品市场监管指标”对35个经合组织国家进行排名，前3位是荷兰、英国和澳大利亚。美国只排在第27位，反映出美国市场监管政策对产品市场公平竞争存在较多障碍。而在加入12个非经合组织国家的指标后，美国在47个国家中仅列第30位，其产品市场公平竞争环境不及立陶宛、保加利亚和马耳他等非经合组织国家。

1. Discrimination against foreign products 

Many American regulatory policies are clearly self-serving and protectionist as they run counter to the principle of fair competition and discriminate against foreign products. The US directly or indirectly restricts the purchase of products from other countries through legislation, subjecting foreign companies to unfair treatment in the US, with Chinese companies being the main victims. 

The US product market falls behind most developed countries and even some developing countries in terms of fair competition. According to the statistics on Indicators of Product Market Regulation released by the OECD in 2013, the Netherlands, the UK and Australia were the top three among 35 OECD countries, while the US ranked only 27th, pointing to the many obstacles created by the US market regulatory policies for fair competition in the product market. When the indicators of 12 non-OECD countries were added, the US ranked only 30th among the 47 countries, indicating a product market environment less fair than those of non-OECD countries such as Lithuania, Bulgaria and Malta. 

　　美国对他国产品的歧视程度远高于大多数发达国家，甚至也高于一些发展中国家。根据“产品市场监管指标”二级指标“国外供应商差别待遇”对35个经合组织国家进行排名，2013年美国排在第32位，表明美国产品市场对外国存在严重歧视。若包括12个非经合组织国家的指标，美国在47个国家中排名第39位，歧视程度比巴西、保加利亚、塞浦路斯、印度、印度尼西亚和罗马尼亚等非经合组织国家更高（图7）。

　　图表：图7：美国市场监管政策对产品市场公平竞争的阻碍程度 新华社发

The US is far more discriminatory against foreign products than most developed countries and even some developing countries. According to the ranking of 35 OECD countries on Differential Treatment of Foreign Suppliers , a secondary indicator of the Indicators of Product Market Regulation, the US ranked 32nd among 35 OECD countries in 2013, indicating severe discrimination against foreign countries in its product market. When the indicators of 12 non-OECD countries were added, the US ranked 39th among the 47 countries, with a higher degree of discrimination than such non-OECD countries as Brazil, Bulgaria, Cyprus, India, Indonesia and Romania (Chart 7). 

Chart 7: The Extent to Which US Market Regulatory Policies Inhibit Fair Competition in the Product Market

Source: OECD, Indicators of Product Market Regulation, 2013