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面对国际金融危机等前所未有的困难和挑战,中国采取有效措施积极应对,努力促进对外贸易回稳向好。世贸组织数据显示,2017年,中国在全球货物贸易进口和出口总额中所占比重分别达到10.2%和12.8%,是120多个国家和地区的主要贸易伙伴。中国货物贸易出口为全球企业和民众提供了物美价优的商品;2001-2017年,中国货物贸易进口额年均增长13.5%,高出全球平均水平6.9个百分点,已成为全球第二大进口国。自2009年以来,中国一直是最不发达国家第一大出口市场,吸收了最不发达国家五分之一的出口。
2001-2017年,中国服务贸易进口从393亿美元增至4676亿美元,年均增长16.7%,占全球服务贸易进口总额的比重接近10%。自2013年起,中国成为全球第二大服务贸易进口国,为带动出口国当地消费、增加就业、促进经济增长作出了重要贡献。以旅游服务为例,中国连续多年保持世界第一大出境旅游客源国地位。2017年,中国公民出境旅游突破1.3亿人次,境外旅游消费达1152.9亿美元。
Confronted with unprecedented difficulties and challenges including the global financial crisis in 2008, China has taken effective measures to stabilize and revitalize its foreign trade. According to WTO statistics, China’s imports accounted for 10.2 percent of the world total merchandise import in 2017, and its exports 12.8 percent, making China a major trade partner of more than 120 countries and regions. China’s exports have provided high-quality and inexpensive products to businesses and people around the world. From 2001 to 2017, China’s imports increased by an annual average of 13.5 percent, 6.9 percentage points higher than the global average; and China has become the world’s second largest importer. Since 2009, China has been the largest export market for the LDCs, and absorbed 20 percent of their exports.
China’s services imports increased from USD39.3 billion in 2001 to USD467.6 billion in 2017, up by an annual average of 16.7 percent, and accounting for nearly 10 percent of the world total. Since 2013, China has been the world’s second largest service importer, making significant contributions to stimulating consumption, creating jobs and boosting economic growth in the exporting countries. Taking tourism services as an example, China has been the world’s largest source of outbound tourists for many years in a row. In 2017, outbound tourist trips made by Chinese citizens exceeded 130 million person-times, generating USD115.29 billion of overseas tourism spending.
中国贸易模式的创新也为世界贸易的增长带来了新的动力。跨境电商等对外贸易新业态新模式快速发展,为贸易伙伴提供了更加广阔的市场。2017年中国海关验放的跨境电子商务进出口商品总额为902.4亿元人民币,同比增长80.6%,其中进口为565.9亿元人民币,同比增长高达120%。
(三)双向投资造福世界各国
中国推动构建公正、合理、透明的国际经贸投资规则体系,促进生产要素有序流动、资源高效配置、市场深度融合。
China’s innovation in trade models has also given new impetus to world trade growth. Cross-border e-commerce and other new types and modes of foreign trade have flourished in China, providing an ever-expanding market to its trading partners. In 2017, the value of imported and exported goods in cross-border e-commerce checked and released by China Customs totaled RMB90.24 billion, up by 80.6 percent on yearly basis, of which imports stood at RMB56.59 billion, up by 120 percent compared with the previous year.
3. Two-way investment benefiting all countries
China has been promoting the establishment of a fair, equitable and transparent system of international trade and investment rules to boost the orderly flow of production factors, efficient resources allocation and full market integration.