[2]“In BrE, and to a lesser extent in AmE, lawyers commonly distinguish crimes (at common law) from offense (created by statute). ” Id. at p. 614；参见[英]维克 M.沃
克编：《牛津法律大辞典》，李双元等译，法律出版社2003年版，第816页。
[3]“ offense: Any CRIME or other violation of law for which a penalty is prescribed," Cf. James E. Clapp ： Random House Webster’s Dictionary of the Law, at p. 306，Random House Reference & Information Publishing (2000).
[4]“In the civil law of Louisiana： an intentional unlawful act that causes damage to another and for which law imposes an obligation for damages. ” Cf. Linda Picard Wood， J. D. , Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law，at p. 338, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated (1996).
[5]“A minor breach of the law (such as a parking violation) that, although it carries a criminal punishment, is considered a civil offense rather than a criminal one because it is merely a prohibited act ( malum prohibitum) and not inherently reprehensible conduct (malum in se) . ” Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black’s Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 1497, West Group (1999 ).
[6] "It is common in both speech communities to use offense for the less serious infractions and crime for the more serious one. ” Cf. Bryan A. Gamer： A Dictionary of Modem Legal Usage, at p. 614, Oxford University Press, Ltd. (2002).